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‘Passion: Education’ Category

  1. Teaching Teens

    November 19, 2014 by Nicole Luchansky

    I have had a lot of experience working with kids. Whether it is with my second cousins, ages 3 to 13, my niece and nephew, ages 4 months and 2 years, the 5 and 7 year old girls that I nannied this summer, or the kindergarten through fifth grade children at my church, I have spent countless hours with many different age groups. I have dealt with my little cousin sobbing because I stopped playing house with her for three seconds to throw a ball to my other cousin. I have dealt with babysitting children who find it amusing to squirt pregnant mothers sitting on the side of the pool with their squirt guns. I have even experienced the lunch battle of making ten different lunches until the kids finally decide that a certain combination of foods is “good” enough to have a “teensy little bite.” It is fairly simple to gain control of younger children. Sometimes all that is needed is a firm look or tone, or perhaps the removal of a videogame, and when the going gets really rough…time out. However, I am going to be teaching 7th through 12th graders, and this presents an entirely different playing field.

    squirt

    When I begin to student teach, if it is an upper level high school math class like pre-calculus or calculus, I am only going to be several years older than my students. In my experiences in high school, the younger student teachers were considered to be the “cool” substitutes. Why? Well, they tended to begin class with statements like, “I am here to be your friend.” They would then proceed to sit at the desk and play on their phones allowing us to have free time, or they would tell us not to worry about in class assignments, or if they were going to teach a lesson, they would do it quickly so as not to destroy our excitement at not having our usual teacher for the day. Obviously, these are by means proper teaching methods. I am wondering how I can be the “cool” teacher, while still teaching students, managing a classroom efficiently and gaining respect.

    substitute

    From the research that I have done, the most well-liked teachers are the ones that take the time to create engaging, yet well-developed lessons that allow students to learn the material in a fun way. With math, because the subject material requires a lot of problem solving, it will be hard to move away from the lecture style that appears to lose selective attention within 15 minutes or so. However, I plan to have students come up to the board to do problems. Also, at the end of classes, they will have time to work cooperatively with each other. Sometimes, I will incorporate technology or develop math games of sorts to keep them intrigued. Even though I love math, I know it can be boring at times. I do not want my students to miss out on vital information just because I did not take the time to plan an engaging lesson.

    i love math

    As for management of my classroom, I am slightly more concerned. Like I said before, children do not pose as much of a threat as students who are only several years younger than me. Not to mention that I am 5 feet 2 inches, and by no means a body builder, I do not appear to be very intimidating. I looked into this conundrum, and have compiled tips from the blogs of the most experienced teachers I could research. The teachers that care about their students and show their personality, while allowing their students to show their personality, tend to be the most well-liked teachers granted the most respect from their students. I must always remember that punishment should fit the crime. Many times, detentions or cell phone removals or grade reductions only motivate bad behavior. One teacher claims that a better approach than punishment is to have a disobedient student stay after class and ask, “How many I help you?” In doing so, not only do you shock the student as he/she was prepared for a lecture of some sort, but you show that you are not some monster just looking for an argument. Rather, you show that you care about the student and the reason for their misbehavior, and in the process, create a great opportunity for critical communication. Finally, one teacher said that the best advice she could give for managing a classroom, especially as a novice teacher, is to remain relaxed. By using a normal, calm voice, it shows your students that you are in charge and that their behavior does not faze you. This teacher’s blog also mentioned that rather than yelling for students to be quiet and sit down, which just wastes energy, the best approach is to stand at the front of the classroom, no matter how agonizing it may be, and wait for them to take their seats and stop talking. There is so much more to teaching than just preparing a lesson. Good teachers are the ones that successfully develop relationships with their students, not on a friendship basis like the substitutes that I had in school, but a deep intellectually stimulating and caring relationship that extends beyond the classroom.

    fave teacher

     

     

     


  2. School Violence

    November 5, 2014 by Nicole Luchansky

    Many people argue that violence in children grows out of a feeling of forced isolation, but is that really the case? This past week in Educational Psychology, my professor discussed a recent attack on a teacher at State College public schools. The anonymous teacher confiscated a cell phone from a middle school student, and that student proceeded to attack the teacher, ultimately fighting so hard that the teacher lost teeth and had to be treated at the local hospital. As my professor, Dr. Sperling, relayed this story to my class, I was overcome with shock. Coming from a high school where the biggest threat to school safety was a random stink bomb set off in the bathroom, I cannot even fathom being a teacher dealing with such safety hazards. Many people in my Educational Psychology class were not even fazed by the discussion, saying that similar things happened in their high school. This discussion really forced me to think about violence in schools, why it is increasing and what implications it has on my future career.

    gun

    At the end of my senior year, I remember walking through the halls, struck by several of my peers crying and embracing each other. I had no idea what was going on, until my principal came onto the loudspeaker and announced that there had been an attack at a neighboring school.

    On April 10, 2014, Alex Hribal, a student at Franklin Regional, stabbed 21 of his peers, as well as a security guard, with two 8-inch knives. The chilling report of the incident read, “They prepared for guns but faced knives instead… Within five minutes, a high school hallway was transformed into a bloody crime scene; sleepy students waiting for first period suddenly became victims of violence; and a slender, dark-haired 16-year-old from Murrysville described as quiet and studious, and looking younger than his years, emerged as the latest face of the national epidemic of school violence.”

    columbine effect

    Reading news articles on Newton, Virginia Tech and Columbine is frightening and disturbing, but at least for me, being so far removed from the violence suffered in these schools, it was not until the attack on Franklin Regional that I realized how realistic school violence truly is. In 2011, upon being surveyed, 20 percent of high school students admitted to being bullied at school, with over 33 percent claiming to have been involved in physical fights. 7 percent of high schoolers have been threatened and injured with a weapon on school property, and 6 percent say that they have brought weapons to school with them for protection. Furthermore, 7 percent of teachers have reported being threatened by students with weapons. Only 39 percent of schools took action with these kinds of offenses. There are so many different factors that play a role in youth violence, particularly in schools, it is hard to understand and predict. My professor even said that it is hard for her to teach strategies on dealing with violence because each case is so different and unpredictable and would require a specific set of steps to handle. I am hoping that the trend of increasing violence begins to turn around by the time I enter the field. If not, I hope along the way I become equipped to handle these tragic situations, and school policies become more standard and more effective.

    In the end, because there are no definite answers, I leave all of you readers with my questions, and maybe you can offer your opinion. Are videogames and graphic television shows and movies at fault? Is media attention on Newton, Virginia Tech and Columbine so detailed and extreme that the media is practically begging for someone else to commit a similar act to receive the attention? Are the advent of technology and the associated increase in bullying responsible for the isolation that results in students attacking other students? How much of a role do drugs, alcohol and socioeconomic status play in youth violence? Who and what is to blame for the tragedies?


  3. Interviews with the Experts

    October 21, 2014 by Nicole Luchansky

    This weekend I received an e-mail about taking a three credit, urban seminar course, taking place in Philadelphia in the “Maymester.” According to the e-mail, I will be collaborating and working with teachers and students, most likely in math classes ranging from grades 7-12. If I choose to participate, I will also perform community service around the area, attend seminars with urban professor experts, and ultimately, the course will provide me with 40 hours of experience in my field so I have an idea of how equipped I am to be a teacher and how well the career suits me when I am actually in the classroom.

    The opportunity to take part in an experience like this is quite exciting, but with that excitement comes a lot of anxieties about whether or not I am even going to like being in the classroom and whether or not I will be successful in the classroom. I know several friends and family members who spent four years earning a degree in education, only to realize that the classroom was not an ideal atmosphere for them. My passion for education tells me that I will probably not experience the same shock, but obviously the fears are there.

    In an attempt to gain perspective from people who completed the process and became Secondary Education teachers in Mathematics, I decided to interview my cousin, Marisa Mandel, and a family friend, Kelly Krahe. Marisa graduated from Penn State University, while Kelly graduated from Duquesne University. Both of them were top students in their class, and have proved to be incredibly successful as Secondary Education teachers for Mathematics.

    I asked each of them a series of seven questions:

     

    When and why did you decide to become a math teacher?

    Marisa: I have always loved mathematics and truly worked hard to grasp fundamental concepts and theories. After learning from an amazing teacher my 11th grade year, I knew I wanted to have an impact on students the way she did on me. So much of learning mathematics is having confidence in yourself and that was something I wanted to instill in my students.

    Kelly: Math was always my favorite subject all throughout school, so I always wanted to be a teacher from the time I was in elementary school. I remember playing “school” when I was younger and I was always teaching a math lesson. I also enjoyed helping my friends with their math work as I got older, and helping them have the “light bulb” moment, so this confirmed that math education was going to be a good fit for me.

     

    What classes were most challenging as you worked toward earning your degree, and what classes do you think prepared you the most to take on your first classroom?

    Marisa: Many of my classes were challenging, if not all of them. My math education classes were most valuable because they allowed us to learn how to actually teach and use mathematics in the classroom.

    Kelly: I remember Discrete Mathematics and Calculus-based Statistics as two of the more challenging courses that I took during my undergraduate work. I often went to review sessions held by my professors, and I also had a study group with my peers that met each week for those courses. We all worked together to help each other study in the more challenging, higher-level math courses.

    My education courses, particularly the “Teaching Secondary Mathematics” course, were certainly helpful in learning about the field of education and the process of planning and teaching a lesson. But, I would say that the most helpful thing that most prepared me for my first classroom was actually going out into the field and working in schools. Student teaching is where you can truly develop your own teaching style and prepare for having your own classroom, with the guidance of the classroom teacher. I still use some of the techniques and ideas that I learned from my student teaching mentor teacher in my classroom today!

     

    Was there ever a point in time when you thought that teaching might not be the career for you? What happened and what was the outcome?

    Marisa: There was not. I have always believed that teaching math is a gift I was given and having the opportunity to work with adolescents made it all the more rewarding and honorable.

    Kelly: There were two times that I remember questioning if education was the right career for me. The first was at the end of my senior year of high school when I actually had to declare my major as Secondary Math Education. I was intimidated at that point in my life to make a decision that would determine my career for the rest of my life. As soon as I got started in my education program, I knew that I had made the right choice, and that my hesitation was simply nerves before starting college.

    The second time that I questioned my career choice was the first 30 seconds of the school day on my very first day of my first teaching job. I remember standing outside of my classroom watching the students file into my homeroom and thinking that this was my classroom and it was completely up to me to teach the students. As soon as I greeted the students and began the day, my nerves immediately went away and I knew that I had made the right decision!

    I think that it is completely normal to sometimes question a career choice, especially early on in undergraduate studies. It is sometimes difficult to know if a career, such as teaching, is right for you if you haven’t ever taught before! Now that I am a teacher, I couldn’t imagine doing anything else with my career. Talking with current teachers or academic advisors can help if you are questioning your career choice.

     

    What math class do you enjoy teaching the most? (grade level and content)

    Marisa: Teaching grades 9-12, I can honestly say that I enjoyed each and every class and the challenges that came with it. From honors and advanced to remedial and state proficiency tutorials, I learned and grew as a professional in all areas of teaching.

    Kelly: I most enjoy teaching 8th Grade Algebra I, which is what I currently teach, and have been teaching for the past 4 years. I’ve taught a few other courses and grade levels, but Algebra I is my niche.

     

    What are some of the biggest problems you faced in the classroom, in terms of instruction or management?

    Marisa: I often wished I had more time with my students. Time to really focus and thoroughly expand on the important concepts being presented to them and how they would one day use them in life.

    Kelly: One of the biggest challenges in the classroom is time. I would venture to say that most, if not all, teachers would agree that there is never enough time in the day to accomplish what we’d ideally like to accomplish. I find myself being very careful and detailed in my lesson planning to use every minute of class time to its fullest. I make sure to be fully prepared for each day so that I do not waste any of the time that I have with the students. There are many standards to be met within the context of a school year, so thoughtful planning is a must.

     

    What is one of your favorite memories as a math teacher?

    Marisa: I have so many, but mainly having my students tell me that they loved learning math and always looked forward to coming to my classroom because they knew they were going to learn something new, that meant the most to me.

    Kelly: Teaching is unique in the fact that you could teach the same lesson five times in a row, and it will never be exactly the same each time. Students ask different questions, react in different ways to new concepts, and each class genuinely has a different personality of its own. As a result, I have so many memories, but one stands out to me fondly. During a previous school year, I had a student fail the very first test of the year. I pulled this quiet student aside and asked if she had expected this grade or if it was a surprise to her. She said to me that she expected it because she always does poorly in math because she’s just not good at it. I talked with her about this and said that I was willing to work with her this year on changing this if she was willing to start this year with an open mind about math. We worked together during tutorials throughout the year, and she ended up being a consistent A-B student and admittedly enjoyed my course by the end of the year. I was extremely proud of the progress that this student made during one school year and the confidence that she had gained along the way. These are the types of stories that make teaching so rewarding.

     

    What type of teaching environments have you worked in? (suburban, rural, urban) If you have worked in multiple, which environment do you prefer?

    Marisa: Suburban and rural – loved them both. Loved the students and remained focused on their needs regardless of their SES.

    Kelly: I attended Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, PA, and part of the education program was to complete a certain number of field work hours each semester beginning second semester of freshman year. During those experiences, I worked mainly in urban settings in Pittsburgh Public School District near Duquesne’s campus. My student teaching, first year of teaching, and current contracted position have all been in suburban school districts. I personally prefer the suburban environment, most likely because I was born and raised in the suburbs. However, I have a friend from college, for example, that was born and raised in an urban school district, and he much prefers the urban setting. I think it is important to explore all types of school districts to find the type that fits with your own personality and teaching style. There is a fit for everyone!

     

    Upon comparing the two separate interviews, there were striking similarities with what Kelly and Marisa said, and with what I have said in previous blog posts. Our career choice has been dictated by a genuine love for math and helping others. (Kelly and I both played make believe teacher in our basements as well!)

    When discussing their college classes, both seem to emphasize that the education classes are the most important classes in shaping the skills necessary for the classroom. I will not personally take these types of classes for a year or so, but my Educational Psychology course is an introductory course that I love, and I cannot wait to experience future lectures in education classes.

    Marisa, Kelly and I can all agree that college level mathematics courses are not easy, but it is possible to succeed, especially with help from peers and the professors. While working with peers, I can also gain some more experience in explaining math and ultimately, I am gaining experience for my career.

    I have never formally questioned my decision to be a teacher, but I have certainly had anxieties about my abilities in the classroom. Also, since I have interests in other content areas besides mathematics, I have worried that I am missing out. However, since I have been at Penn State, I have received such a well-rounded experience, even in my freshman year, that I do not feel like I am missing out because my classes require so much content knowledge beyond mathematics. For instance, in English, I have the opportunity to write a paradigm shift paper and incorporate elements of science research!

    Marisa found her passion to be in grades 9 to 12, and Kelly found hers in a grade 8 Algebra class. Currently, my goal is to teach a senior level Calculus course, but my mind will most likely change in the next couple of years. Moreover, I found it very interesting that both Marisa and Kelly agreed that their biggest challenge is time management. In my Educational Psychology class, we have been discussing various types of management, and my professor has continued to discuss time over and over. Now that I see its relevance in the real world, I can see why my professor has taken several lectures to discuss time management.

    When asked about their favorite experiences, both Kelly and Marisa commented on the rewarding experience of helping a student to achieve that “light bulb” moment. Even in small tutoring sessions that I have had with my friends, I have experienced similar rewards, and I look forward to having an entire classroom and working to help each student succeed to the best of his/her ability.

    Finally, I chose to ask them about the different environments that have taught in, just because I have some worries about working in an urban setting this summer. Coming from Hampton High School, a small suburban school lacking in diversity, I do not feel confident entering an urban setting. However, Kelly and Marisa both came from similar backgrounds as me, and they have been successful in rural, suburban and urban settings. This gives me reason to believe that with practice, training and mentoring, I will be equipped to tackle Philadelphia schools this summer.

    It has been such a pleasure this week to interview these outstanding women. They have offered me so much valuable insight into the world of education, and I cannot wait to continue on the road to my own classroom.


  4. Videogames: The Future of Mathematics Education

    October 15, 2014 by Nicole Luchansky

    Now that we have made it through the first half of the first semester at Penn State, I would like to take a moment and look back to New Student Orientation. I remember walking the unfamiliar sidewalks of the campus, sitting in groups playing those awkward “get-to-know each other games,” and finally being forced to make a schedule of courses for the upcoming school year. Still in high school mode, where my biggest concern was getting through the AP tests and not letting senioritis completely take over, I sat with my advisor and just listened to her instructions on what classes to take and when. At the time, college seemed so distant and far away, and when the day finally came to load up the car and drive the two and a half hours to campus, it finally dawned on me that the schedule I had so nonchalantly developed several month prior was going to be my LIFE for the next five months!

    college

    While most of my classes have been pretty standard and expected, two classes that took me completely off guard were Math 140H and Computer Science 101. When I was creating my schedule, I assumed math would be a breeze after having already taken calculus in high school, and I assumed since CMPSC 101 was an introductory course it would not be overly involving. Boy was I wrong! Within the first week of classes, seven people dropped my calculus class after hearing one too many lectures on abstracts proofs, theorems and corollaries, and within several days, my computers professor notified my class that while the lessons would begin easy, by week six, many would be tempted to drop out due to the rigor and difficulty.

    proofs

    So what does any of my rambling regarding my schedule have to do with me being a teacher? Recently, I came across an article in Forbes talking about the future of mathematics education. According to the article, with the development of technology, 19th century methods of computation and problem solving are no longer the only requirement. Math computation is still a necessity, but so is learning the why and how of the arithmetic computations. Having a mathematics degree is no longer enough. Students need to be shaped into problem solvers who have the ability to impose their logic in the context of the complex real world. Basically, students need to be equipped to take on 19th century mathematics and be able to put their own creative twist on their computational skills. As I sat in my math and computer science classes for the first several weeks, I continually wondered what the point of “rigorous math definition” was, or why, as an education major, I was being forced to learn how to code in the C++ language. As I read more into mathematics education, I now realize that there is so much more than just teaching students how to do the problems. I need to be practical and conceptual in my methods, and the only way I can do that, is by challenging myself in these difficult classes. Through this blog and outside research, I have come to realize the importance of well-rounded knowledge, especially in the benefits it can impart on my future students.

    com

    At the end of the Forbes article, there was a discussion on some of the best ways to teach abstract concepts to students in a meaningful manner. After sitting through numerous lectures, copying down carefully written Greek letters from the chalkboard of my calculus classroom, I find myself asking the same question. To my surprise, the answer can be found in videogames. Keith Devlin, a researcher on game-based learning, developed an App entitled, “Wuzzit Trouble.” According to Devlin and the research he and his colleagues have performed at Stanford, “What I and a small number of other math learning game developers are doing, but most are not, is viewing the game as a representation of mathematics that replaces the traditional symbols with one that takes advantages of the many different affordances that video game technology offers, particularly tablet screens.” These videogames apparently enhance knowledge by forcing students to look at math from a different perspective, away from the arbitrary variables and figures. Now, rather than sitting in Computer Science wondering what benefit the class has for my future, I now ponder the possibility of me developing learning tools for my students from the codes and functions I learn in class. In the end, the next time you are questioning the purpose of a class, remember your advisor is knowledgeable and knows what will best equip you for your future endeavors. It took me awhile to learn that lesson, but I am glad that I did.


  5. The Educational Psychology Perspective

    October 8, 2014 by Nicole Luchansky

    Having just had my first exam in Educational Psychology, I felt it appropriate to look back on the volunteer work I was involved in at my church and examine my experience from the Educational Psychology perspective. From 6th grade through senior year, I volunteered in my church’s children’s service known as CrossTown. After three years of experience, in 9th grade, I become the leader for the Second Grade girls. Every Sunday, the service followed the same basic framework. I would enter the gymnasium, put on my blue apron and head over to the coloring table to spend time with the girls and make sure everyone was comfortable before service began. The conversations with the girls were always so entertaining. One moment they would be discussing why it was so important that the hippopotamus be colored purple instead of yucky gray, and in the next they would be telling me all about their boyfriends. (You have to love the drama of those elementary school relationships)

    When it finally came time for service to begin, a clock would appear on the projector, and there would be an audible ticking sound. At first, when the kids were just coming to service, a leader would need to tell them to head to their seats and they would obey. The prompting from a leader was an unconditioned response that resulted in the unconditioned stimulus of the children finding their seats. When paired with the neutral stimulus of the ticking clock, the clock eventually developed into a conditioned stimulus, in which the children developed a conditioned response to go to their seats as soon as the clock appeared on screen. This would be an example of Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning.

    Anyways, once they filed to their seats, the service would begin. Throughout the service, I always had various duties to perform. Whether it was acting out a skit on stage or whether it was leading song and dance, I gained a lot of experience talking to and in front of children, all of which will be very beneficial when I have my own classroom. Having had this experience, I realize that children can be very difficult to reach. According to cognitive theories, humans choose what environmental stimuli they wish to filter into their working memory, rehearse and encode, through organization and elaboration, into long term memory. One strategy that my teammates and I employed to keep the attention of the children was to use buzz words. For instance, every time we would say an animal name, the children would have to yell out the sound that animal would make. Through the use of buzz words, the children stayed tuned into the message to make sure they did not miss the opportunity to scream with the rest of their peers.

    At the end of the service, we would split into groups. I would ask my second grade girls questions about the service and the stories told. Even with only around ten girls per group, it is so easy to see that every person learns differently, and comes equipped with prior knowledge allowing them to answer questions better than others, or worse than other if misconceptions about the material are involved. In the end, I was forced to develop pedagogical content knowledge, knowledge that makes content understandable to the given age group. I also learned how to use antecedents, prompts and cues to get a girl to answer a question properly. For instance, if I were to ask how many disciples there were, I might list off the names and have them count in their heads as I go to get to the correct answer of twelve.

    Having the opportunity to be a leader for second grade girls for over four years was an incredibly rewarding experience each and every week. My last year, one girl in particular really latched on to me and it was so hard to say goodbye to her. According to the Social Learning Theory, humans model other humans on a regular basis. Olivia watched everything I did, and through this direct modeling, she would repeat every move I made. If I had a braid in my hair, the next week so did she. Upon my observations of Olivia, and with the knowledge I have now gained from Educational Psychology, I know that being a teacher is so much more than teaching content. It is modelling and teaching responsibly and social etiquette, as well as life lessons, to these students, and I hope to live up to expectations.

    crosstown


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