Two major players at the center of both politics and economics, both of which are strongly intertwined, is the United States and China. The United States for approximately the last decade has been at the forefront of economic, political and social policy. This has allowed the United States to become the most prosperous and wealthiest nation in the world. Increasingly in recent years, the United States global dominance has come into question and is even being challenged as another world player, China, has rapidly increased its own economic and political power. Understanding the similarities and differences between the United States and Chinese government and economic systems, allows one to better understand why each country makes its respective decisions and why the U.S. and China are at odds.
China has a distinctly different form of government than the United States. China refers to itself as a republic, often denoted as the Republic of China, although the majority of the rest of the world recognizes that China operates under a one-party communist system (“China: Government”). Such a system of government stands in stark contrast to the United States which operates under a federal republic (“U.S. Government”). The U.S. system of government allows the people to hold power whereas in the Chinese government, large government figures such as the current leader, Xi Jingping hold the majority of power. As a result of this system of government, the Chinese government has much greater power and a greater ability to exert this power over its citizens. The Chinese government, for example, is notorious for its censorship laws which limit free speech and the freedom of expression. The United States denounces these policies and establishes the contrary inherently promotes its free speech policies. These policies are also, protected by law and formally written in the Constitution. In the First Amendment, it is written that congress cannot make a law limiting the freedom whether it be in regard to speech, organization, press, petition, etc., of the people (“The 1st Amendment of the U.S. Constitution). In addition to free speech laws, and lack thereof in China, the country also has different judicial laws/policies. In China, the judicial system is a pseudo judicial system in that the reigning parties political and Legal Affairs Commission has direct control over the court system. This allows the government to unjustly punish political prisoners, political opposition, and citizens who speak out against the government (“China Justice Observer”). The so called, “false promise of fair trials,” has become a focal point in modern day news as ethnic minorities such as the Uighur Muslims are presently being persecuted and forced into labor camps (“What Is Happening With…”). The lack of a central justice system within the country is a primary reason that such injustices against these ethnic minority groups are allowed to continue. In the United States on the other hand, a centralized justice system is in place and the United States appears at least in writing to pride itself upon using the justice system to uphold the law and maintain order within the U.S. While the United States itself is not free from its own crimes against humanity, take for example for the forced concentration of Japanese citizens after the Bombing of Pearl Harbor, the country has continuingly worked to improve, rectify, and uphold law. The same cannot be said for China.
While the previous paragraph has focused primarily on the shortcomings of the Chinese system of government, there are numerous benefits as well. Take for example, the current COVID-19 crisis. The Chinese government, although at first having reported the first outbreak of the novel virus, was able to quickly eradicate the virus. This was due to widespread lockdowns and laws against leaving one’s residence. In the United States however, the lack of a such power allowed for states to make their own decisions, with some remaining open while others shutting down completely to contain the spread of the virus. Such inability has allowed the virus to continue to spread throughout the United States whereas in China, the virus has been largely contained. Another benefit to this system of government is the rate at which infrastructure is built and implemented. The Chinese government is the largest investor in the entire world in infrastructure, spending more than 8% of its annual GDP on these projects (“How China Uses Infrastructure…”). Such state-controlled projects and finance allows these projects to happen at a rapid rate and has allowed the country to construct an interconnected country in only a matter of years. This is a large part of why China has so rapidly economically grown and caught up with the rest of the Western world.
The United States and Chinese government also operate on different economic systems. The United States operates on a mixed economy, incorporating elements of both capitalism and socialism to efficiently run while the Chinese government runs on a socialist market economy. While the United States does have socialist elements to its economy, such as Medicare and Medicaid, the extent to which the economy is socialist is miniscule in comparison to how much state control there is in the Chinese economic system. The major reason China’s economic system is referred to as a socialist economy is due to the governments control over the countries industrial development (Seth).
There are innumerable reasons why the United States and China are at such odds. Both countries are trying to assert their dominance in the economic and political sphere. This scares the United States who has become accustomed to being the “top-dog” politically and economically. In addition, economic growth and superiority also helps to power the militaries of each countries. As China grows economically, so does its military. This puts the traditional balance of political power in question where the United States may no longer hold militaristic superiority. Understanding how each government’s political and economic system work is becoming increasingly important as both of these countries respectively vie for global dominance. Whichever country becomes the dominant one in the years to come could have an unimaginable impact on the world as a whole.
Works Cited:
“The 1st Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.” National Constitution Center – The 1st Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-i.
“China Justice Observer.” What Is the Court System Like in China – China Legal Research Guide – China Justice Observer, www.chinajusticeobserver.com/a/what-is%20the-court-system-like-in-china.
“China: Government.” >> GlobalEDGE: Your Source for Global Business Knowledge, globaledge.msu.edu/countries/china/government.
“How China Uses Infrastructure as a Means of Control.” World Finance, www.worldfinance.com/featured/how-china-uses-infrastructure-as-a-means-of-control#:~:text=China%20is%20the%20world’s%20largest,according%20to%20data%20from%20McKinsey.
Seth, Shobhit. “Socialist Economies: How China, Cuba, and North Korea Work.” Investopedia, Investopedia, 22 Jan. 2021, www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/081514/socialist-economies-how-china-cuba-and-north-korea-work.asp.
“U.S. Government.” U.S. Embassy in Argentina, 10 Nov. 2016, ar.usembassy.gov/education-culture/irc/u-s-government/.
“What Is Happening with the Uighurs in China?” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, www.pbs.org/newshour/features/uighurs/.