All posts by abd5996

Passion blog 7

For my final blog post, I decided to write about an iconic artifact in Istanbul called “kiz kulesi” also known as “maidens tower”.  Standing on a small island at the entrance of the Bosphorus Strait stands an iconic tower. This tower – called the maidens tower-  has significance both historically and culturally. With it’s iconic design and placement, this ancient tower has caused significant attraction and interest to both visitors and residents for centuries. In this blog post, I will talk about the charming and fascinating landmark of Istanbul known as the Maiden’s tower.

Due to its peculiar location, many legends have arised from this tower, thanks to the imagination of people. One of the most popular and known tale about this tower describes a story where a Byzantine emperor builds this tower after learning about a prophecy that his daughter will be killed by a snake, and moves her daughter to the tower for her safety. However, despite his efforts to protect his daughter, a snake hidden in a fruit basket bites his daughter and kills her. I remember hearing this tale as a child and finding it very fascinating. This shows how peculiar landmarks can be a source for legends.

Maiden's Tower

This tower is also architecturally pleasing due to its history. Originally built in the 5th century BCE by the Eastern Roman Empire(Byzantine empire) as a strategic defense fortification, the Maiden’s Tower has undergone numerous transformations over the centuries. Its elegant Easter Roman design elements can be reflected in the tower, contributing to its visual appeal. It has also been subjected to Ottoman rule and modern Turkish republic rule, with various renovations occurring. This shows how it was still a key part of Istanbul for the governments after the Eastern Roman empire.

Kız Kulesi - Vikipedi

As one of Istanbuls most recognizable and iconic landmarks, the Maiden’s Tower holds a special place in the heart of the inhabitants of the city. It can easily be said that it is a symbol of Istanbuls identity. The madiens tower has always had a significant part in the literature, art and popular culture of Istanbul. This makes it serve as a symbol of Istanbuls cultural identity and heritage.

Maidens Tower Stock Photo - Download Image Now - Maiden's Tower - Turkey, Istanbul, Bosphorus - iStockThe maidens tower still holds extreme relevance today. It is undoubtedly a big tourist attraction, with thousands of people coming from worldwide to see it with their own eyes. This allows the building to contribute to the economy of Istanbul and Turkey. It is also something that locals like visiting, I personally remember visiting it as a child. Although I don’t remember it in detail, I was still impressed as a child.

KIZ KULESI, Istanbul - Uskudar - Restaurant Reviews, Photos & Phone Number - Tripadvisor

In conclusion, the maiden tower is a major part of Istanbul,  culturally, historically and economically. It is important to preserve such buildings with care as they can be pat of a city’s identity.

Sources:

Maiden’s Tower | Müze İstanbul (muze.gen.tr)

» The Maiden’s Tower, a landmark of Istanbul (barcelo.com)

 

 

Passion Blog 6

For my 6th passion blog about Istanbul, I decided to write about the street cats of Istanbul. In the bustling streets of Istanbul a certain population can be seen. Those are the street cats of Istanbul. They are seen everywhere, in restaurants, cafes, streets and parks. It is almost impossible to completely avoid them.  These street cats are not just ordinary strays, it is safe to say that they are a beloved and integral part of Istanbul’s culture. They are also very iconic.

Ayasofya Kedisi Gli (@hagiasophiacat) • Instagram photos and videos

Istanbul’s cats are more than just cute additions to the regular streets. They are a key aspect for many historical sites, attracting visitors and making those places even more appealing. These include the historically significant sites Hagia Sophia and Topkapi palace. In those places, cats can be seen interacting with the visitors and behaving in a cute way, and thus making those sites even more appealing and memorable.

Tombili: Istanbul cat and worldwide meme honoured with statue | The Independent | The Independent

Moreover, the cultural significance of these cats should not be underestimated. Cats hold a special place in Turkish culture, with references to them found in literature, folklore, and even religious texts. Certain cats have become so iconic that they became associated with certain streets/locations. One of these is the cat “Tombili” which became so iconic and popular that a statue of him was built on the street he roamed after his death.

Feeding Cats in Public Park Editorial Stock Photo - Image of lifestyle, group: 180806473

Istanbul’s cats are also cared for and supported by the inhabitants of the city. Feeding them and providing shelter for them is a common activity done by Turkish citizens. It is especially common for feeding the cats that live one’s house. This is also an activity that me and my family commonly engaged in and something that we enjoyed. Providing medical care is also something done by the Turkish citizens. The inhabitants of Istanbul taking care of the street cats is a testament to the deep bond between the inhabitants of Istanbul and cats.

Why Are There So Many Cats in Istanbul?

In conclusion, cats are a major part of Istanbul without a doubt.  These cats are a significant addition to the city’s culture, they attract visitors, improve the mood of the residents, make historical sites even more popular, and overall creates a positive spirit for the city. It is crucial to recognize all of the benefits that these animals can add to a city and take care of them.

 

 

Sources:

Istanbul Honours Beloved Stray Cat With A Statue After Death – News18

Why Are There So Many Cats in Istanbul? (legalnomads.com)

 

 

Passion Blog 5

For my 5th passion Blog, I will talk about the notorious traffic of Istanbul.

Istanbul tops list of cities with worst traffic congestion | Daily Sabah

In the most populated city of Turkey – Istanbul-, traffic is a very common occurrence. Istanbul’s many roads are plagued by traffic congestion. From the narrow roads to the popular highways, traffic can be seen everywhere. It has come to a point where Istanbul is known for its traffic in Turkey, it is an iconic part of it.  Every day, millions of residents and visitors find themselves in congestion, having to navigate through impatient and angry drivers that are constantly honking. In fact, according to a study conducted by Yeditepe university, those living in Istanbul spend more than 3 years of their lives in traffic.

Istanbul 101: How to beat the city's traffic jams | Daily Sabah

Why is this happening?  The traffic in Istanbul is due to several reasons. The main reason is the city’s infrastructure being unable to keep up with the growing number of people moving in the city. Each year, hundreds of thousands of people move into Istanbul for employment opportunities, increasing the number of cars on the road even more. In addition, a lot of drivers are impatient and sometimes do not follow the rules and regulations of the road, which can lead to car crashes that block the roads. Moreover, the lack of proper city planning is yet another factor that leads to more traffic. There are many slums in Istanbul with badly built and unplanned roads next to them that fail to be properly integrated to the main network of roads. Hence, there are numerous factors that make Istanbul’s traffic so intense and annoying.

From Chaos to Clarity: Unraveling Istanbul's Traffic Congestion Enigma [Part 3]

How do we fix this problem? It is clear that the traffic of Istanbul is a massive issue since it wastes the time of everyone. It is also very harmful for emergency services such as police or ambulances as well. because of this, finding proper solutions is crucial. Firstly, better city planning is absolutely necessary. To meet the growing population, better and more effective roads must be built. Moreover, better education for drivers is also necessary, their arrogance can lead to further traffic so making them better drivers by increasing the requirements to get a driver’s licence would be very beneficial. In addition, although this would be an indirect solution, investing in other cities in Turkey and creating more job opportunities there would be a significant help. This way, less people would move to Istanbul and possibly more people would move out of Istanbul which means less cars on the road.

1,357 Istanbul Traffic Jam Stock Video Footage - 4K and HD Video Clips | Shutterstock

In conclusion, traffic is a major problem in Istanbul and can be attributed to many factors. These include the growing population, lack of proper education for driving, and poorly built infrastructure. However, with better infrastructure planning, better education and incentives to make people move to different cities other than Istanbul, this problem may be solved.
Sources:

RCL 4 Issue Brief Draft

Penn State: A More Wheelchair-Accessible Campus

 

Introduction:

Navigation and traveling through the Penn State University park campus should be an accessible and feasible experience for everyone, including people with walking disabilities who have no choice but to rely on a wheelchair. This is crucial for the disabled students to have an effective, safe and enjoyable experience in college, and become contributing individuals to the country’s economy.However, despite Penn State’s efforts towards improving the accessibility of the campus, the campus still contains significant challenges for wheelchair users. Those challenges harm the ability of the wheelchair users to fully engage in academic, social, and extracurricular activities as students of the Penn State University and upcoming contributors of the Society of the US. This shows how it is crucial and urgent for Penn State university to have a more inclusive and accessible university campus for disabled individuals. 

Penn State must implement initiatives to enhance wheelchair accessibility on campus, which includes infrastructure improvements and transportation accommodations. In this issue brief, I will address the current problems wheelchair-using students experience in the university park campus of Penn State that prevents them from fully engaging in academic, extracurricular and social activities, why the current existing plan is insufficient and what potential improvements/changes could be made to make those disabled students have a more satisfying and safe experience. 

Problem: The Struggles of Wheelchair-Using Students

The infrastructure and design of the University park campus of Penn State university presents many difficulties and challenges for the wheelchair users in their day to day life for traveling to class (or for extracurricular activities and social activities). These problems are as follows:

Reaching Classes on Time:

It is evident that the main campus of Penn State, the university park, is a large campus. Many buildings are scattered around and students sometimes have to walk long distances to reach their next classes on time. However, the problem is that some wheelchair-using students have to take even longer routes compared to regular students. This is due to some routes consisting of non-wheelchair friendly infrastructure such as stairs. This makes them lose even more time and can possibly lead to them being late for their next class. It is also important to note that this issue may also create social issues for these students, as they may not be able to walk and hang out with their non – disabled friends around campus as comfortably from class to class or on regular occasions which can create social issues for them, impacting their morale and possibly academic performance. 

Navigating Buildings Without Clear Marking

Some disabled students can feel as if the wheelchair accessible entrances, elevators and exits in certain buildings, such as the paterno library and Sackett building, are not clearly marked and easy to find. This may cause issues such as losing time for wheelchair users, which can be harmful when in a hurry such as trying to reach a class. It is also safe to say that this would be dangerous for wheelchair users in emergencies such as a fire or gas leak that requires swiftly evacuating the building

Buildings that are Uncomfortable

Some buildings on the Penn State campus are also not well designed for wheelchair users. Spending time on these buildings can be unpleasant and uncomfortable for disabled individuals due to narrow spaces and tight corners. Some of these buildings also require assistance from non disabled individuals which can also make them unpleasant to be in. 

Activism & Seeking Equality: Physical Accessibility on Campus (1970-1989) –  Celebrating the ADA

This infographic demonstrates which buildings are accessible and how many of them can be accessed by wheelchair users without assistance. It can be inferred from this image that there are numerous buildings that require assistance for wheelchair users to navigate through. The problem with requiring assistance is that the arrival of an assistant may not be immediate and cause the students to lose time. Requiring assistance can also negatively affect the morale of these students, making them want to avoid these buildings altogether. The uncomfortableness of the buildings are also reflected in certain classrooms where only the back of the class is available for wheelchairs, putting disabled individuals in a disadvantageous position academically. 

 

Existing plan: 

It is important to note that Penn State has been making notable efforts to make its campus more wheelchair-accessible. It is something that Penn State considers as important and necessary and disabled students are valued which is a great thing. However, the existing efforts of Penn State – despite being very beneficial – is not sufficient which I will explain why. 

Transportation Services

Penn state has transportation services that can help disabled individuals to navigate through the campus. A wheelchair-accommodating Catabus system that travels through campus is one of them. Thanks to this free service, wheelchair-using students are able to travel through the campus fast and without having to deal with steepness. However, despite being helpful, the timing and frequency of the Catabus may not be suitable for every schedule, which does not fully solve the “reaching class on time” issue for wheelchair users. 

ADA Compliance:

Penn State adheres to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that facilities and services are accessible to individuals with disabilities which includes wheelchair users. This includes providing an elevator to every building so that disabled individuals that are unable to use the stairs can use them. In addition, ADA also mandates that an accessible entrance and exit for wheelchair users is present in every building, which Penn State also follows. Penn State has also taken steps to have accessible restrooms across campus buildings to facilitate mobility for wheelchair users. This way, disabled students can practically utilize and travel through every building. 

 However, despite complying with ADA standards, the problems mentioned above still persist. Although ADA makes every building accessible and wheelchair-friendly on paper, this is not always the case. Despite being accessible through a wheelchair, some buildings are still uncomfortable due to narrow corridors and tight corners and can require assistance (as stated above). A lot of buildings, especially older ones such as Sackett and Boucke building, only have one entrance that can be hard to reach during certain times (such as snow). 

 

New and Improved Plan

Although the efforts of Penn State are significantly beneficial, they are still not sufficient. There is room for improvement that would significantly benefit wheelchair users in Penn State

Giving Free Lyft Rides for Wheelchair Users Within Campus

As mentioned, it can be a struggle for wheelchair-using students to go from class to class and the schedule of catabuses may not always be convenient for them. To fix this, allowing them to call and use a lyft(or uber) to reach their classes on time would be a significant help for them. Lyft has wheelchair-accessible rides that could be used by these students. This way, their stress of not reaching their class on time due to not being able to utilize shortcuts or catching a bus would decrease. This would also be extremely beneficial during important periods such as exam weeks. However, completely paying for all the lyft rides even on campus would not be economically feasible. Therefore, only limiting them to reaching class during weekdays would be necessary (although the problems they face on other times would persist). 

Wheelchair-Accessible Renovation of Buildings

The buildings – especially older ones – being uncomfortable and difficult for wheelchair users is clearly a major problem that damages the experience of disabled students, despite them following ADA standards. To fix this, instead of only doing the bare minimum and simply following ADA, Penn State should directly work together with disabled students and renovate non-wheelchair-friendly buildings into more accessible ones. This way, it would be ensured that the buildings are wheelchair- friendly and comfortable. It would also make the buildings safer for them during emergencies as the exits would be easier to navigate to(thanks to the feedback of the wheelchair users). 

 

Although this would be expensive and possibly time consuming, it would be a massive help for disabled students and make their campus experience remarkably better. This is because their negative experiences with being non-wheelchair-friendly would no longer be a negative aspect of the college. It would also increase the reputation of Penn state as a more wheelchair-accessible college, attracting more disabled students to enroll. 

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is crucial for Penn State to enhance wheelchair accessibility on campus to create a more inclusive environment.While Penn State has made significant progress with ADA compliance for wheelchair accessibility, there is always room for improvement. Renovating buildings in a more wheelchair-accessible way by working together with disabled students, and providing lyft services for disabled students so that they can reach their classes on time would be among the solutions to make Penn State a better university for wheelchair users. It is essential to ensure that Penn State remains a welcoming and accessible environment for all individuals, regardless of their disabilities.

 

Sources:

 

“Page Title.” Plone Site, 19 Dec. 2023, equity.psu.edu/offices/student-disability-resources. 

 

“Welcome.” Office of Equal Opportunity and Access, equalopportunity.psu.edu/. Accessed 26 Mar. 2024. 

“Facilities Accessibility at University Park.” Penn State University Libraries, 4 Dec. 2023, libraries.psu.edu/about/accessibility/facilities-accessibility-university-park. 

Cassie Kizis | The Daily Collegian, et al. “How Accessible Is Penn State’s Campus for Students with Disabilities?” The Daily Collegian, 22 Feb. 2018, www.psucollegian.com/news/campus/how-accessible-is-penn-state-s-campus-for-students-with-disabilities/article_35993c0e-1790-11e8-a534-3b9a64b338bb.html. 

“The Americans with Disabilities Act (Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion).” Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences), 22 Feb. 2018, agsci.psu.edu/diversity/civil-rights/faculty-staff/ada. 

 

“Page Title.” Plone Site, 28 July 2022, equity.psu.edu/offices/student-disability-resources/accommodations/accessible-transportation-and-parking. 

 

Jordan Corley | The Daily Collegian, et al. “How Accessible Is Penn State for Students with Disabilities?” The Daily Collegian, 14 Nov. 2019, www.psucollegian.com/news/campus/how-accessible-is-penn-state-for-students-with-disabilities/article_5a613208-068b-11ea-a6ed-dff65b5ebb9e.html. 

Amy Schafer | The Daily Collegian. “‘We Are Accessible’: Penn State Students, Faculty with Disabilities Share Experiences, Hopes for the Future of Campus.” The Daily Collegian, 23 Mar. 2023, www.psucollegian.com/news/we-are-accessible-penn-state-students-faculty-with-disabilities-share-experiences-hopes-for-the-future/article_dfcce784-c910-11ed-a7a7-0fca1cdcd4e0.html.

Passion Blog 4

In the middle of Istanbul, overlooking the Bosphorus Strait, stands the magnificent and iconic fortress called Rumeli Hisari.  This fortress is a big part of the history of Istanbul as it served a crucial role in its conquest. Built in 1452 by Sultan Mehmed II, this historic landmark continues to stand tall, not just as a relic of the past, but as a vibrant part of the city of Istanbul even now, attracting many visitors.

Rumelihisarı - Wikipedia

Rumeli Hisari wasn’t just built for aesthetic purposes, it played a crucial role in shaping the history of Istanbul. Rumeli Hisari, also known as Rumeli Fortress was constructed in 1452 by Sultan Mehmed II, famously known as Mehmed the Conqueror.

The Fall Of Constantinople Led To The 'Discovery' Of The ...

Back in 1453, during the famous Siege of Constantinople, it served as a strategic stronghold for the Ottoman army. Its strong walls and towers were crucial for the victory for the Ottoman army. It was a significant part of our history as it served an important purpose in making Istanbul (known as Constantinople back then) a Turkish city and marking the end of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire).  It did this by serving as a key military stronghold, providing the Turkish forces with a strategic vantage point to blockade the Roman city and ultimately securing the victory for the Ottoman army. Rumeli Hisarı (Rumeli Castle)

However, Rumeli Hisari still continues its relevancy and importance today for Turkey. Today, Rumeli Hisari is a popular tourist destination, drawing visitors from around the world due to its historical significance and visually appealing architecture. From guided tours to cultural events, there’s always something happening within Rumeli Hisari that not only attracts local visitors butt visitors worldwide. I personally vividly remember visiting it as a kid, imagining its role in history. My visit to Rumeli Hisari was definitely a major factor in developing my interest in history.

Rumeli Hisarı, Istanbul - Times of India Travel

The main reason for why rumeli hisari is still standing and relevant today is it’s restoration that occurred between 1955-1958. With this extensive restoration, the fortress was reinforced and turned into a museum. Thanks to this restoration, this important building is preserved and attracts visitors around the world.

Rumeli Hisari – Istanbul, Turkey - Atlas Obscura

In conclusion, Rumeli Hisari is more than just a simple fortress. It is an important relic with historical and cultural significance that has been preserved thanks to restoration efforts (which shows the importance of restoration for historical artifacts). It still is a building of awe and captivates many tourists as well as the inhabitants of Istanbul.

 

 

 

 

 

Sources:

Rumelihisarı – Wikipedia

Rumeli Fortress | Müze İstanbul (muze.gen.tr)

 

 

Civic Blog 3

Public Transportation in Japan

Transport in Japan - WikipediaThe public transportation system of the country Japan is renowned worldwide for its efficiency, reliability and comfortableness. With it’s intricate network of subways, trains and buses, Japan’s transportation system should serve as an example to the other countries public transportation system. In this civic blog post, I will analzye and evaluate the public transportation system of Japan and understand what makes it excellent.

An Overview of All Public Transportation in Japan | Japan Wonder Travel Blog

One of the greatest aspects of Japan’s public transportation system is undoubtedly its efficiency and punctuality. Trains, buses, and subways adhere to strict schedules, with delays measured in seconds rather than minutes. This commitment to precision has earned this system a reputation for reliability, making commuters confident that they will reach their destination on time. This is especially a major advantage for people going to work by using this system, as they can be almost sure that they won’t be late. This is a major contrast to Turkey and U.S, as the public transportation system is less reliable.

Tokaido Shinkansen - Wikipedia

Another major factor that makes the public transportation system of Japan excellent is its high speed. The iconic Shinkansen, also known as the bullet train, connects Japan with its speed exceeding 300 kilometres per hour, rivalling actual planes. By connecting different parts of the country with such an excellent system, Japan can foster economic growth in different regions and attract tourists to explore more of the cpuntry.

In Japan, Transit Accessibility Gets an Overdue Boost - Bloomberg

Moreover, the accessibility of Japan’s public transportation system is yet another advantage. The public transportation system of Japan prioritizes accessibility for individuals with disabilities, with barrier-free stations, tactile guidance paths, elevators to subways (for individuals in wheelchairs) and audible announcements (for individuals with visual disabilities)inclusivity for all passengers are ensured. This way, every individual despite his/her disabilities can utilize the public transportation of Japan to commute to work, travel, or do something else.

Tokyo Metro | Subway Map

Furthermore, the intricate network of the public transportation in Japan ensures its citizens to travel wherever they want in urban areas. Through the public transportation of Japan, almost every destination can be reached. Interconnected networks of trains, subways, and buses facilitate effortless transfers, allowing passengers to traverse urban centers without difficulty. The public transportation system of Japan makes it so that the citizens do not need to have any cars, which is another significant contrast to Turkey and the United States.

Why is the Tokyo Subway so overcrowded? Why shouldn't they provide more trains, or longer trains, or build additional railways? - Quora

However, while Japan’s public transportation system excels in many areas, it also contains significant problems. Urban congestion, particularly in Tokyo and other major populated urban cities, can be an issue, leading to overcrowded trains and platforms during peak hours. This can make public transportation an extremely uncomfortable experience and even cause some people to miss their destinations on time, which could not only be frustrating but also disastrous in certain situations.

In addition, the aging population of Japan also poses a serious threat to the sustainability of the public transportation system in Japan. The aging demographic of Japan with its low birth rate damages the workforce responsible for operating and maintaining the transportation infrastructure as not enough young people will be available to work. It also necessitates adjustments to transportation services to meet the needs of older individuals that utilize this system. All of these problems are issues that Japan needs to tackle to ensure that its public transportation keeps its excellence.

Tokyo's public transport ranked the third best in the world

There are numerous ways to fix these issues that the public transportation system of Japan is facing. Firstly, addressing the challenge of urban congestion challenge requires strategic investments in infrastructure expansion that will create less congestion in the long term. Also, increasing the amount of public transportation vehicles during peak hours can also help to alleviate congestion. Expanding the stations and creating new lines can also help but would be an expensive option.

For addressing the issue caused by the aging population of Japan, investing in automation could work. Automation could enhance efficiency and reduce the burden on human resources. Automated ticketing systems, self-driving buses and subways, and predictive maintenance algorithms are just a few examples of what Japan could do to overcome demographic challenges and ensure the continued reliability of its transportation network. Some of these examples such as automated ticketing systems are already being used in Japan successfully.

For Japan to preserve its reputation of having an amazing public transportation system in the future, it has to continuously upgrade it. It has to utilize technological innovation such as automation to keep up with the aging population and make strategic investments on infrastructure to alleviate congestion. Continued emphasis on customer satisfaction will also be crucial to ensure the continued success as well as high reputation of Japan’s transportation network.

Guide to Living in Japan: Train and Bus Etiquette ‣ Japan Study Abroad Network

In conclusion, Japan’s public transportation system stands as a shining example of efficiency and reliability. It should serve as an example to other countries on how to make an effective public Transporation system. From the extremely fast Shinkansen to the greatly maintained and intricate subway networks, Japan’s transportation infrastructure is a testament to the country’s commitment to excellence and continuous improvement. For it to remain this way, it should deal with its issue such as congestion and aging population by embracing technological innovation and strategic investments on infrastructure. Public transportation is a crucial aspect of a nations success and maintaining it should be of upmost importance.

Sources:

An Overview of All Public Transportation in Japan | Japan Wonder Travel Blog

What Makes Tokyo’s Railways So Great? | DDS Wireless

Why Tokyo’s Privately Owned Rail Systems Work So Well – Bloomberg

Tokyo Has Built The World’s Best Subway (youtube.com)

 

 

Passion blog 3

For this passion blog, I want to talk about the sea in Istanbul and how it is harmed by pollution.

İstanbul'da denize girilebilecek en iyi plajlar

For people living in Istanbul, the sea is something that they value very much. It provides them fresh seafood to eat and allows them to relax and spend time in during the summer. It is undoubtedly one of the biggest advantages of living in Istanbul. Being able to go to the beaches during summer with your friends or family is a great luxury that living in Istanbul brings. However, despite its importance for the residents of Istanbul and Turkey, it is severely harmed by pollution which is a major issue.

İstanbul'daki müsilaj uzaydan görüntülendi - Son Dakika ...

One of the most notable instances of this environmental pollution crisis occurred in 2021 when Istanbul’s waters were plagued by a phenomenon known as marine mucilage, also knwon as sea snot which is a thick, viscous substance formed by a combination of organic matter, pollution, and rising sea temperatures. This made the once beautiful looking sea look dangerously concerning and disgusting, and its environmental impact was significant.  This event, which caused many concerns among Turkish residents, not only posed a threat to marine life but also highlighted the urgent need for concerted efforts to address and prevent the intense pollution in the region.

Lead used in fishing rod poses risk to Istanbul's Bosporus | Daily Sabah

In addition to the more immediate challenges posed by events such as the marine mucilage outbreak, Istanbul’s relationship with the sea is also influenced by broader socio-economic and cultural factors. As a large city with a heavy connection to the sea, the city’s economy is closely intertwined with activities such as fishing, shipping, swimming and tourism, all of which rely heavily on the health and the vitality of the sea and its marine environment.

İstanbul Üniversitesi'nin müsilaj incelemesi sona erdi: İşte ilk sonuçlar -  Son Dakika Türkiye Haberleri | NTV Haber

The mucilage outbreak served as a wake-up call for many people and prompted a need for struggle against sea pollution. This wake up call created a response from various sectors including government agencies, environmental organizations such as Greenpeace and the concerned citizens, especially the residents of the Marmara area(which includes Istanbul). Recognizing the severity of the situation, initiatives were launched to clean up coastal areas, raise awareness about the importance of marine conservation, and implement stricter regulations to prevent further pollution (although the problem still persists). By protecting the health and vitality of Istanbul’s sea, we are not only protecting vital ecosystems and preserving biodiversity of the sea life, but also protect the cultural aspect and economic prosperity of the city that is connected to the sea for future generations.

Bosporus | Strait, Istanbul, Map, History, & Facts | Britannica

In conclusion, the sea is a major part of Istanbul, not only environmentally but also culturally and economically. Because of this, it is of upmost importance to protect it from the destructive pollution problems that it is facing.

 

 

 

sources:

The Most Disgusting Symptom of Climate Change: Sea Snot – The Atlantic

Marmara Denizi’nde Müsilaj Problemi – Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Dairesi Başkanlığı Web Sitesi (ibb.istanbul)

RCL 3

Evaluation of our delibaration.

 

I believe our deliberation went well overall. Although I was nervous, and we had no prior experience with deliberation, I believe that we did a good job.

What went well:

I believe that each of our approaches were well made and explained in the videos. Each approach was creative and unique that differentiated it from the other approaches. This made discussion more interesting and effective. The videos that we prepared were also short and concise that easily explained them to the audience which was another bonus in my opinion. The issue we deliberated was also relevant to penn state students which made discussion even  more engaging for the participants.

 

What could be improved upon:

I believe that we could improve our videos. For my video specifically, I only used 2 images which could be increased. Also, I could have gotten defensive for some approaches and possibly turned it into a debate rather than a deliberation which is a limitation. Moreover, for the discussion of each approach, the person who prepared the video spoke the most compared to the other group members which could be a disadvantage. In addition, during the beginning of the deliberation, the participation of the class members was a bit low which created a slow start. However, the participation of the class quickly increased as time went on. Also, the timing for the deliberation was poor. We spent extra time for the first part which gave us slightly less time to deliberate the 3 approaches.

 

In conclusion, I believe that the deliberation was overall a success. The approaches were well made and explained, the class members were engaged and interested, and every group member contributed. However, I believe that there is still plenty of room for improvement, especially when it comes to timing and communicating.

Civic Blog 2

Public Transportation in Turkey

Travel in Turkey by Car, Bus, Train, Plane, Ship & Ferry

Public transportation is a major part of Turkey, it facilitates the movement of millions of people daily. It is a critical aspect of life for many people as it is their main source of transportation for work, entertainment , meetings and much more. In this blog post, I will describe and analyse the state public transportation of Turkey by assessing its current state, challenges and potential for improvement.

Public Transportation in Istanbul - Turkey Property - Select Turkey

Turkey has a diverse array of public transportation modes. These include trains, buses, metro and more recently, rapid transit systems that connect different cities together. Large urban centers, such as the most populated city Istanbul and the capital Ankara, usually possess most of these transportation modes while smaller towns and the countryside usually offer buses as transportation.

Our guide to public transportation in Istanbul -

It is safe to say that compared to the US, Turkey invests far more in public transportation. This may be due to the more collectivist culture of Turkey compared to the United States. In addition, the economy of the Turkey is in a struggling condition, with fewer people being able to afford buying and maintaining personal cars and having to resort to alternative options. This makes public transportation a much more critical part of Turkey as many people have no other option of transportation.

Travel in Turkey by Car, Bus, Train, Plane, Ship & Ferry

Despite public transportation being more advanced in Turkey compared to US, with it having a more widespread use and different modes for citizens to utilize, challenges regarding public transportation still persist. Congestion, especially in highly populated major cities such as Istanbul, is a serious problem that can lead to delays. This is more than a simple inconvenience, especially for people having to reach work on time as it can become a significant issue for them. In addition, for certain hours, public transportation vehicles can be extremely full which can make it a very unpleasant experience and increase the chance of diseases spreading. Moreover, especially at late hours, some areas can be dangerous for women making them unwilling to utilize public transportation at those hours. Also, accessibility for individuals with certain physical disabilities remains inadequate in many areas, highlighting the need for inclusive infrastructure so that they can use those systems as well.

Turkish-made buses on roads of 87 countries | Daily Sabah

While Turkeys investment in public transportation is great, addressing these issues is necessary for a better and more beneficial public transportation system. To begin with, congestion management strategies to alleviate the large amounts of pressure on transportation networks, particularly in urban centers would be essential. These strategies could include more dedicated lanes and making vehicles more frequent in congested areas. Especially investing in infrastructure upgrades and expanding capacity on existing transit lines would decrease overcrowding Modernization initiatives, such as introducing  high-capacity metro trains capable of holding more people and constructing new rail lines based on the data gathered by where people are going, would be crucial initiatives that would meet the growing demand for public transportation services. These strategies can enhance the flow of traffic, reduce delays and make public transportation a much more comfortable experience.

Ankara'da Toplu Taşıma Araçlarında Güvenlik Sistemleri Zorunlu Hale Getirildi - Haber Sitesi

In addition, making public transportation a safer and more secure experience is another critical aspect of improving it. Enhancing surveillance systems by deploying more cameras, possibly with facial recognition systems, and deploying additional personnel can help create a safer and securer environment for the passengers, particularly women traveling alone at night. In addition, creating a culture of respect within public transportation systems is another imperative step towards ensuring the safety and well-being of all passengers as fights and arguments are relatively common in public transportation in Turkey,

Toplu taşımada yeni dönem - Son Dakika Haberleri

Furthermore, addressing the accessibility needs of individuals with disabilities is yet another important step to improve public transportation in Turkey. This includes installation of ramps and elevators at public transportation stations, as well as ensuring the availability of wheelchair-accessible vehicles. Turkey is already making steady progress regarding this area, and I think making even more progress would help these passengers significantly.  Collaborating with disability rights organizations and consulting directly with disabled users would make these improvements even better and more useful.

Toplu Taşımada İmdadınıza Yetişen Mobil Uygulamalar - dergiCE.com

Moreover, integrating new technological innovations to make public transportation would be another beneficial upgrade. Improving smartphone apps offering real-time transit information, route planning tools, and electronic ticketing systems would make public transportation a lot more reliable.

İstanbul'da elektrikli otobüs devri başlıyor - Son Dakika Haberleri

In addition, exploring alternative fuel options, such as electric buses and hydrogen-powered trains, can reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the environmental impact of transportation activities even more.  Investing in research and development initiatives to advance green transportation technologies would severely benefit the environment and reduce Turkey’s impact on global warming. It would also motivate people to use public transport more than their personal vehicles.

Neden Toplu Taşıma Araçlarını Tercih Etmelisiniz? | Blog | Koluman

 

In conclusion, Turkey’s public transportation system faces challenges like congestion and accessibility issues despite notable progress. By investing strategically, embracing innovation, and prioritizing inclusivity, Turkey can build a more efficient and accessible transportation network. With concerted efforts, Turkey can enhance urban mobility, improve quality of life of citizens and decrease global warming.

Sources:

Transportation – Study In Turkey

Transport and Driving in Turkey | Expat Arrivals

Passion Blog 2

For my second passion blog, I decided to write about the most iconic aspect of Istanbul which is the Bosphorus and the controversy surrounding it.

Bosphorus in Istanbul | Bosphorus Istanbul (Turkey)

Dividing the city into two, the Bosporus is right at the heart of the city. Its beautiful view is a sight to behold that never gets old.  It is undoubtedly one of the biggest things I miss about Istanbul. For me, It’s a symbol of connection, linking Europe and Asia and the Aegan sea and the Black Sea. It is a vital part of Istanbul that gives the city life. However, despite the beauty of the bosphorus, it found itself in the center of a political controversy a few years ago.

Armistice of Mudros - Wikipedia

Signed in the year 1936, right after the end of the first world war, the Montreux armistice agreement is a treaty regarding the control of Turkey over the bosphorus. It gives Turkey the right to regulate the passing of military ships. However, it does not give Turkey the complete control of the bosphorus.

Because of this, while some people see it as an important treaty that assures the neutrality of Turkey in war time, others see it as a lost economic opportunity. In addition, since the Bosporus is the only trade route that ships can pass through between the black sea and the Mediterranean sea, it can get congested, causing delays.

Turkey Moves Forward with Plans for Kanal Instanbul

To solve this issue, the officials announced a bold and according to some – crazy – plan to carve out a new canal between the Marmara sea and the Black sea called “Canal Istanbul” According to the officials, if completed, this project would give Turkey more authority and control over the canals as well as more economic power since the Montreux treaty won’t apply to it. However, others see this proposed project as a complete environmental disaster. Critics also raised concerns about the likely ecological disruption and displacement of communities that would come with this canal. However, despite more than 2 years passing, the current government that proposed this idea has made no progress which makes it likely to assume that it will never be realized.

Heart of Istanbul: The Bosphorus Strait | Turkish Airlines Blog

In conclusion, the controversy behind bosphorus and canal Istanbul reminds us that as we navigate through the complexities of modernization and globalization, we find practical and applicable solutions instead of crazy megaprojects and appreciate what we have.  The bosphorus is a beautiful and natural part of Istanbul that we should appreciate and protect.