After recently reading a book titled Your Brain on Nature, I found myself curious about the effects that nature has on people locked up behind bars. The Japanese term called Shinrin Yoku (or Forest Bathing) has been on the upswing recently in various circles on the internet. My understanding of this concept is that exposure to nature or a forest, even while in a densely populated city, can positively help your cardiovascular system (Ideno et al., 2017) as well as overall mental health state.
Per a paper titled Prisoner exposure to nature: Benefits for wellbeing and citizenship by Reddon & Durante (2019), the authors are curious about whether or not Prisoner Exposure to Nature (PEN) can help improve the physical and mental health of prisoners, as well as decrease the likelihood that they recidivate back into the corrections system. They go on to postulate that prisons are deficient in exposing their residents to nature and that by coupling exposure to nature along with better relationships with personnel from the prison, that they can experience an increase in mood, physical health, and a better connection with self & society. Correctional facilities & prisons have been hesitant to change due to an old “nothing works” narrative generated by Martinson in 1974 – which has negatively affected mental health programs for prisoners ever since.
A solution that the authors recommend is nothing radical – simply change solitary confinement rooms to be “Nature Exposure Rooms in which an artist utilizes the Lazure technique to paint the walls with nature scenes that include birch trees and other green vegetation, a stream flowing down a hill, and clouds, etc.” (Reddon & Durante, 2017, p. 14) Some other solutions that the authors also suggest that switching from incandescent lighting to LED lighting, adding more natural light, allowing prisoners the ability to garden (aka horticultural therapy), and helping prisoners feel like citizens once again (Rights, Responsibilities, Roles, Resources, and Relationships) can help improve prisoner & guard rapport, decrease irritability & aggression, and potentially lower recidivism rates.
On the other side of this coin, the authors brought up that having prisoners being close to nature, but not engaging with it (ie. viewing a forest out of their window) could potentially lead to “feelings of frustration because of their close proximity to nature that is ultimately out of their reach.” (Reddon & Durante, 2017, p. 16) Not only has this been an issue, but there are also prisons that offer various nature exposure opportunities, however, they do not have the staff required to supervise and escort the prisoners.
This concept of exposing prisoners to nature is quite novel to me. I do not think that this is the end-all-be-all solution for changing prisoner behavior, but I do feel like it is an important step in the proper direction. Prisoners should be able to recognize that what they did was wrong and then begin to seek out internal and external dialogue to help them grow as individuals. In an ever-increasing technological world, taking time to disengage technology is something that feels extremely precious – so, disconnect and give shinrin yoku a try.
References –
Ideno, Y., Hayashi, K., Abe, Y., Ueda, K., Iso, H., Noda, M., Lee, J., & Suzuki, S. (2017). Blood pressure-lowering effect of Shinrin-yoku (Forest bathing): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1, 1. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umuc.edu/10.1186/s12906-017-1912-z
Reddon, J. R., & Durante, S. B. (2019). Prisoner exposure to nature: Benefits for wellbeing and citizenship. Medical Hypotheses, 123, 13.
Selhub, E. M., & Logan, A. C. (2014). Your brain on nature: the science of natures influence on your health, happiness, and vitality. Toronto: HarperCollins Publishers, Ltd.