Radiation therapy is one form of treatment for breast cancer. It can be used before surgery to shrink the size of the tumor or it can be used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancerous cells. Although treatment plans vary, the average radiation treatment is approximately 15-30 minutes each day for 5 days a week for 3-8 weeks.
Types of Radiation Therapy:
- External Radiation Therapy- radiation directed at the breast from outside of the body
- Internal Radiation Therapy- radioactive materials are placed inside the breast or near the cancerous cells.
- Microwave Therapy- brings cancerous cells to a high temperature so that they are more sensitive when exposed to traditional radiation (still being researched)
Brachytherapy:
Another name for internal radiation therapy. The radiation is delivered at very short distances. Typically, a radioactive implant is placed inside the body to directly affect the cancerous tissue and sparing the healthy surrounding tissue. Some hospitals limit visitation and have special precautions for those with radioactive implants.
Side Effects of Radiation Therapy:
- Fatigue
- Skin irritation
- Increased risk of infection from decreased white blood cells
- Hair loss
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Appetite loss
Patient Education:
- Do not use any lotions containing alcohol or oil to minimize dryness or burning
- Use mild soap with minimal rubbing on the affected areas
- Avoid shaving the affected areas
- Wear loose clothing to prevent skin irritation
- Clothes made of 100% cotton are best for irradiated areas
- Avoid sun exposure and extreme heat or cold
- Take naps, prioritize activities, and ask for help
- Continue to engage in moderate physical activity
Referenced
Pollock, J. (2014, December 1). Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer. Retrieved September 14, 2015.