![](https://sites.psu.edu/clarklab/files/2023/04/TEST.png)
(A) Schematic of an operando electrochemical attenuated total reflectance surface enhanced infrared absorption spectrometer (ATR-SEIRAS) with online product analysis via gas chromatography. (B) Schematic of an operando electrochemical near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (NAP-XPS) with online product analysis via mass spectrometry.