Associate Research Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Penn State
Watershed Modeling Lead, Grantee USEPA – Chesapeake Bay Program Office
I am a self-motivated and innovative individual with over two decades of research experience in watershed hydrology. My research focus is on improving our understanding of the variability in complex watershed hydrologic and water quality processes in space and time and how stressors such as climate change, land use, and population growth impact it. My areas of research expertise include watershed hydrology, water quality, physically based and process-based watershed modeling, numerical methods, computational science, and geographic information systems. I have been involved in the research and development of various modeling tools including PIHM, PIHMgis, and Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model. My research has directly supported management efforts of conservation and ecological restoration of the Chesapeake Bay and its 64,000 square mile coastal watershed and Chesapeake Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL).
Education
2012
Doctor of Philosophy, Penn State University
Major: Civil Engineering Minor: Computational Science
Dissertation — A Distributed Hydrologic Modeling System: Framework for Discovery and Management of Water Resources (http://tiny.cc/bhatt-2012)
2004
Master of Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Major: Water Resources Development and Management
Masters Thesis – Development of software for Furrow Irrigation, Volume 2
2003
Bachelor of Technology (Honors), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Major: Agricultural and Food Engineering
Bachelor Thesis – Development of software for Furrow Irrigation, Volume 1
Research Experience
2023
to
Present
Penn State University – Chesapeake Bay Program, EPA
Associate Research Professor – Watershed Modeling Lead
– Lead interagency and multiple-academic partner-based Chesapeake Bay watershed modeling team’s cooperative and collaborative efforts to develop and verify the next generation of Chesapeake Bay watershed models and simulation tools.
– Encourage new science and multiple lines of evidence in providing technical analysis and programmatic evaluation support to the U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program Office for the conservation and restoration of the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed.
– Develop management applications of next generation Chesapeake Bay watershed models in providing CBP stakeholder, managers, and decision-makers with quantitative assessments of loads at a significantly finer 1:100,000 National Hydrography Dataset Plus (100K NHD) scale to support management decisions.
– Seek and involve a wide array of government, non-governmental organizations, and academic partners in the development, verification, and application of Chesapeake Bay watershed models and related simulation tools.
– Document and disseminate improvements through published technical manuals and journal articles as well as newsletters, reports, and public presentations.
2017
to
2023
Penn State University – Chesapeake Bay Program, EPA
Assistant Research Professor – Watershed Modeling Lead
– Lead the interagency and multiple-academic partner-based Chesapeake Bay watershed modeling team’s cooperative and collaborative efforts to develop and verify the next generation of Chesapeake Bay watershed models and related simulation tools.
– Encourage new science in providing technical analysis and programmatic evaluation support to the U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program Office for the protection and restoration of the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed.
– The development and application of the next generation of Chesapeake Bay models to incorporate new science and multiple lines of evidence to support management decisions.
– Actively seek and involve a wide array of states, local agencies, non-governmental organizations, and academic partners in the Chesapeake Bay watershed models and related simulation tools.
– The documentation and dissemination of improvements through published technical manuals and journal articles as well as newsletters, reports, and public presentations.
2012
to
2017
Penn State University – Chesapeake Bay Program, EPA
Faculty Research Associate – Watershed Modeling Lead
– Development and refinement of Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Modeling System (PIHM/PIHMgis) and related modeling tools for its application at river basin scale, driven by national geodata.
– Develop and refine Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model’s modules for data import, simulation, calibration, analysis, verification, and uncertainty analysis.
– Support model operations under HPC environment.
– Multiple model implementations focused on assessment of land-use and climate change impacts.
– Carry out day-to-day team and workgroup support.
2011
to
2012
Penn State University – Chesapeake Bay Program, EPA
Faculty Research Assistant – Watershed Model Developer
– Develop a plan for next generation Chesapeake Bay watershed model for midpoint assessment of the total maximum daily load program across 64,000 square miles watershed that spans across six states: Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia; and the District of Columbia for the restoration of clean water in the Bay and the region’s streams.
– Carry out day-to-day team and workgroup support.
2004
to
2011
Civil & Environmental Engineering, Penn State University
Graduate Research Assistant –
– Modeling the multistate “age” of water across the entire active hydrologic continuum, under a range of meteorological forcings and hydro-geologic parameters • A fully coupled spatially distributed flow – solute transport – age of water model was developed and integrated with Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model • Model solves multistate coupled flow-transport-age (Q-C-A) dynamics of conservative tracers and provides an estimate of residence time of the watershed • Model was used to gain insights into classic problem of old and new water in stream runoff at Shale Hills Susquehanna critical zone observatory using observations of deuterium isotope concentration in precipitation as input.
– Fully coupled modeling of hydrologic and solute transport • A spatially distributed
physically-based solute transport model was developed, which was coupled with the multistate, multi-physics representation of watershed in Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model system • It simulates coupled flow and solute transport for 1D channel routing, 2D surface overland, 2D subsurface flow, interception, snow-melt, evapotranspiration, macro-pore flow, and groundwater recharge using the semi-discrete Finite Volume approach.
– Using integrated hydrologic models to trace the source and dynamics of freshwater discharge in a coastal watershed • Processes representing spatially distributed surface and subsurface freshwater exchange between coastal watershed and tidal estuary were coupled in Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM) • Coupled model was used to investigate spatial variability in hydrologic processes in a coastal watershed at Rhode River basin (an experimental watershed managed by Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, SERC) • The spatial and temporal behavior of freshwater discharge to the estuary along the shoreline was estimated under varying climate and tidal forcing.
– Location, function and seasonal dynamics of wetlands in Susquehanna river basin and impacts of global climate change: An integrated, physics-based distributed modeling approach • In this research role of distributed models in predicting the location, ecologic function, and dynamic seasonal response of wetland was examined • “Nested-modeling” approach facilitated by PIHMgis, was used to capture high-resolution spatial variability in hydrology at a wetland ‘supersite’ with critical wetland specific monitoring • Model simulated spatial extents of wetlands were validated against wetland polygons delineated in National Wetland Inventory (NWI) • Impacts of climate change on the watershed and wetland hydrology were assessed by evaluating hydrologic changes under two long-term climate scenarios (a) Historic (1979-1998), and (b) Scenario (2046-2065), both obtained from dynamic downscaling of Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Global Climate Model (GCM).
– Bridging the gap between geo-hydrologic data and integrated hydrologic model: PIHMgis • A strategy for coupling of distributed hydrologic model and Geographic Information System was established to meet pre/post processing of data and visualization through development of object oriented shared-data model • PIHMgis, an open-source, platform independent, tightly-coupled GIS interface to PIHM was developed • PIHMgis provides improved model-data coupling by creating a strategy to drive distributed model using national data products.
– Coupling of hydrologic processes in Little Juniata watershed • Coupling of the hydrologic processes across disparate spatio-temporal scale was demonstrated in Little Juniata river, which is located in south-central Pennsylvania, encompassing 865 square miles.
– An efficient domain decomposition framework for accurate representation of geodata in distributed hydrologic models • Research outlines a flexible domain decomposition strategy and related algorithms for efficient and accurate integration of the physiographic, climatic and hydrographic watershed features in distributed models. The framework is critical for producing high quality, multi-resolution, adaptive and nested grids with least computational expense for watersheds of multiple scales.
– Object oriented shared data model for GIS and distributed hydrologic models • The design of an object oriented “shared data-model” taking into consideration the data type descriptions, identification of data-classes, relationships and constraints is presented. Data-model utilizes extensive GIS data and enables seamless data flow, increases accuracy, reduces the model setup time and analysis of model outputs, • Strategy makes it easy to perform sophisticated numerical modeling procedures (e.g., real time forecasting, sensitivity analysis) and integration of complex data objects in model.
– Automated detection and spatio-temporal classification of channel reaches in semi-arid Southwestern US • An automated method for the detection of stream channels and their classification into ephemeral, intermittent and perennial reaches using remote sensing, ASTER Level 1B data was developed • Steps include calculation of NDWI map for area followed by bi-level classification to obtain watered channel and change-detection to attain channel classifications.
– Impact of dynamic response characteristics on uncertain streamflow prediction • Regionalization approach was used to understand the influence of watershed physical characteristics on uncertainty in model predictions in ungauged catchments.
2003
to
2004
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur
Graduate Research Scholor –
– Development of software for furrow irrigation • A user friendly software for the hydraulic simulation of furrow irrigation was developed • Graphical user interface (GUI) of the software was designed using MS Visual Studio and C++ • Accuracy of developed software was tested against field observed data • Performances of Kinematic-Wave model, Volume Balance model, Zero Inertia model, and Full Hydrodynamic model were compared.
– Evaluation of traditional and non-traditional optimization techniques for determining well parameters from step-drawdown test data • Three standalone and interactive computer programs for the optimization of hydraulic parameters of production wells were developed • Methods use graphical analysis of step-drawdown pumping test, nonlinear optimization techniques (Levenberg–Marquardt and Gauss–Newton), and genetic algorithm for optimization • Inter-comparison of results were performed.
Summer
2003
People’s Science Institute, Dehra Doon, Uttarakhand, India
Watershed Research and Management Internship –
– Understanding the role of a nonprofit organization in providing science based information for sustainable agricultural and conservation practices • Conduct engineering survey of a watershed and several stream cross-sections • Based on the analysis of the survey identify a suitable location for construction of a flow and water quality monitoring station on the stream • Design the specifications of a flume based on terrain analysis of the drainage area • Survey differences in crops cultivated, farming practices, and typical crop yeilds of the nurseries and farms across several predominantly agricultural villages in the region • Document various conservation practices implemented on agricultural lands and understand their perceived benefits.
Teaching Experience
FALL
2010
Instructor – Civil & Environmental Engineering
C E 360 Fluid Mechanics ### S002 [ more info… ]
Enrolment: 79 students, SRTE: 5.29 / 7
FALL
2010
Instructor – Civil & Environmental Engineering
C E 360 Fluid Mechanics ### S001 [ more info… ]
Enrolment: 80 students, SRTE: 4.89 / 7
SPRING
2010
Instructor – Civil & Environmental Engineering
C E 360 Fluid Mechanics ### S001 [ more info… ]
Enrolment: 68 students, SRTE: 5.43 / 7
FALL
2009
Modeling Lectures – C E 555 Groundwater Hydrology
Instructor: Chris Duffy
Series of guest lectures to introduce the concepts of open-source distributed integrated hydrologic model and geographic information system (GIS) to graduate students. Demostrate architecture and procedural framework of PIHMgis (a tightly-coupled GIS interface to PIHM) as a catchment modeling tool using example watershed. Also, assist students in setup and calibrate a watershed of their interest using national geospatial datasets to assess affects of climate change on hydrologic responses.
FALL
2008
Modeling Lectures – C E 555 Groundwater Hydrology
Instructor: Chris Duffy
Demostrate architecture and procedural framework of PIHMgis (a tightly-coupled GIS interface to PIHM) as a catchment modeling tool using V-Catchment numerical watershed, and assist students in setting up and calibrate a watershed of their interest using national geospatial datasets.
FALL
2007
Modeling Lectures – C E 555 Groundwater Hydrology
Instructor: Chris Duffy
Series of guest lectures to introduce concepts of open-source distributed hydrologic model and geographic information system (GIS) to graduate students. Demostrate architecture and procedural framework of PIHMgis (a tightly-coupled GIS interface to PIHM) as a catchment modeling tool.
Research and/or Scholarly Publications
Published Works
Articles in Refereed Journals / Journal Article
Bhatt, G., Linker, L. C., Shenk, G. W., Bertani, I., Tian, R., Rigelman, J., Hinson, K., & Claggett, P., 2023. Water Quality Impacts of Climate Change, Land use, and population growth in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. [Accepted January 2023].
Hinson, K. E., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Najjar, R. G., Herrmann, M., Bian, Z., Bhatt, G., St-Laurent, P., Tian, H., and Shenk, G., 2022. Impacts and uncertainties of climate-induced changes in watershed inputs on estuarine hypoxia, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1028
Tian, R., Cerco, C. F., Bhatt, G., Linker, L. C., & Shenk, G. W. (2022). Mechanisms Controlling Climate Warming Impact on the Occurrence of Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 58(6), 855-875. DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12907, ISBN/ISSN: 1093474X https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85101866589
Bertani, I., Bhatt, G., Shenk, G. W., & Linker, L. C. (2022). Quantifying the Response of Nitrogen Speciation to Hydrology in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Using a Multilevel Modeling Approach. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 58(6), 792-804. DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12951, ISBN/ISSN: 1093474X https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85111422383
Ator, S., Schwarz, G. E., Sekellick, A. J., & Bhatt, G. (2022). Predicting Near-Term Effects of Climate Change on Nitrogen Transport to Chesapeake Bay. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 58(4), 578-596. DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13017, ISBN/ISSN: 1093474X https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85131724734
Sabo, R. D., Sullivan, B., Wu, C., Trentacoste, E., Zhang, Q., Shenk, G. W., Bhatt, G., & Linker, L. C. (2022). Major point and nonpoint sources of nutrient pollution to surface water have declined throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Environmental Research Communications 4(4). DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ac5db6 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85130714321
Frankel, L. T., Friedrichs, M. A.M., St-Laurent, P., Bever, A. J., Lipcius, R. N., Bhatt, G., & Shenk, G. W. (2022). Nitrogen reductions have decreased hypoxia in the Chesapeake Bay: Evidence from empirical and numerical modeling. Science of the Total Environment 814. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152722, ISBN/ISSN: 00489697 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122260150
Kaufman, D. E., Shenk, G. W., Bhatt, G., Asplen, K. W., Devereux, O. H., Rigelman, J. R., Ellis, J. H., Hobbs, B. F., Bosch, D. J., Van Houtven, G. L., McGarity, A. E., Linker, L. C., & Ball, W. P. (2021). Supporting cost-effective watershed management strategies for Chesapeake Bay using a modeling and optimization framework. Environmental Modelling and Software 144. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105141, ISBN/ISSN: 13648152 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85111299802
Burns, D. A., Bhatt, G., Linker, L. C., Bash, J. O., Capel, P. D., & Shenk, G. W. (2021). Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: A history of change. Atmospheric Environment 251. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118277, ISBN/ISSN: 13522310 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85101790427
Wagena, M. B., Bhatt, G., Buell, E., Sommerlot, A. R., Fuka, D. R., & Easton, Z. M. (2019). Quantifying model uncertainty using Bayesian multi-model ensembles. Environmental Modelling and Software 117, 89-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.03.013, ISBN/ISSN: 13648152 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85063531976
Mulkey, A. S., Coale, F. J., Vadas, P. A., Shenk, G. W., & Bhatt, G. (2017). Revised Method and Outcomes for Estimating Soil Phosphorus Losses from Agricultural Land in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model. Journal of Environmental Quality 46(6), 1388-1394. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.05.0201, ISBN/ISSN: 0047-2425 http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2016.05.0201
Williams, M. R., Bhatt, G., Filoso, S., & Yactayo, G. (2017). Stream Restoration Performance and Its Contribution to the Chesapeake Bay TMDL: Challenges Posed by Climate Change in Urban Areas. Estuaries and Coasts 40(5), 1227-1246. DOI: 10.1007/s12237-017-0226-1, ISBN/ISSN: 1559-2723 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0226-1
Wang, P., Linker, L., Wang, H., Bhatt, G., Yactayo, G., Hinson, K., & Tian, R. (2017). Assessing water quality of the Chesapeake Bay by the impact of sea level rise and warming. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 82, 012001. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/82/1/012001, ISBN/ISSN: 1755-1307 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/82/1/012001
Yu, X., Duffy, C. J., Zhang, Y., Bhatt, G., & Shi, Y. (2016). Virtual Experiments Guide Calibration Strategies for a Real-World Watershed Application of Coupled Surface-Subsurface Modeling. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 21(11). DOI: 10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001431, ISBN/ISSN: 1084-0699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001431
Yu, X., Duffy, C. J., Gil, Y., Leonard, L., Bhatt, G., & Thomas, E. (2016). Cyber-Innovated Watershed Research at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. IEEE Systems Journal 10(3), 1239-1250. DOI: 10.1109/jsyst.2015.2484219, ISBN/ISSN: 1932-8184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2015.2484219
Yu, X., Duffy, C. J., Rousseau, A. N., Bhatt, G., Pardo Álvarez, Á., & Charron, D. (2016). Open science in practice: Learning integrated modeling of coupled surface-subsurface flow processes from scratch. Earth and Space Science 3(5), 190-206. DOI: 10.1002/2015ea000155, ISBN/ISSN: 2333-5084 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015ea000155
Yu, X., Bhatt, G., Duffy, C., Wardrop, D., Najjar, R., Ross, A., & Rydzik, M. (2015). A coupled surface–subsurface modeling framework to assess the impact of climate change on freshwater wetlands. Climate Research 66(3), 211-228. DOI: 10.3354/cr01348, ISBN/ISSN: 0936-577X http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr01348
Yu, X., Lamačová, A., Duffy, C. J., Krám, P., Hruška, J., White, T., & Bhatt, G. (2015). Modelling long-term water yield effects of forest management in a Norway spruce forest. Hydrological Sciences Journal 60(2), 174-191. DOI: 10.1080/02626667.2014.897406, ISBN/ISSN: 0262-6667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.897406
Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., & Duffy, C. J. (2014). A tightly coupled GIS and distributed hydrologic modeling framework. Environmental Modelling & Software 62, 70-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.003, ISBN/ISSN: 1364-8152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.003
Yu, X., Bhatt, G., Duffy, C. J., & Shi, Y. (2013). Parameterization for distributed watershed modeling using national data and evolutionary algorithm. Computers & Geosciences 58, 80-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2013.04.025, ISBN/ISSN: 0098-3004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.04.025
French, K. D., Duffy, C. J., & Bhatt, G. (2013). The urban hydrology and hydraulic engineering at the classic maya site of Palenque. Water History 5(1), 43-69. DOI: 10.1007/s12685-012-0069-4, ISBN/ISSN: 1877-7236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-012-0069-4
French, K. D., Duffy, C. J., & Bhatt, G. (2012). The Hydroarchaeological Method: A Case Study at the Maya Site of Palenque. Latin American Antiquity 23(1), 29-50. DOI: 10.7183/1045-6635.23.1.29, ISBN/ISSN: 1045-6635 http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.23.1.29
Kumar, M., Bhatt, G., & Duffy, C. J. (2010). An object-oriented shared data model for GIS and distributed hydrologic models. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 24(7), 1061-1079. DOI: 10.1080/13658810903289460, ISBN/ISSN: 1365-8816 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810903289460
Kumar, M., Bhatt, G., & Duffy, C. J. (2009). An efficient domain decomposition framework for accurate representation of geodata in distributed hydrologic models. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 23(12), 1569-1596. DOI: 10.1080/13658810802344143, ISBN/ISSN: 1365-8816 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810802344143
Jha, M. K., Kumar, A., Nanda, G., & Bhatt, G. (2006). Evaluation of Traditional and Nontraditional Optimization Techniques for Determining Well Parameters from Step-Drawdown Test Data. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 11(6), 617-630. DOI: 10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2006)11:6(617), ISBN/ISSN: 1084-0699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2006)11:6(617)
Parts of Books / Book Chapter
Yu, X., Duffy, C. J., Kaye, J. P., Crow, W., Bhatt, G., & Shi, Y. (2014). Watershed Reanalysis of Water and Carbon Cycle Models at a Critical Zone Observatory. Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle (pp. 493-509). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Peer-reviewed/refereed. DOI: 10.1002/9781118872086.ch31, ISBN/ISSN: 2328-8779 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118872086.ch31
Refereed Conference Proceedings
Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., & Duffy, C. J. (2008). “Bridging the gap between geohydrologic data and distributed hydrologic modeling.” International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software. pp. 743-750
Other Works / Conference Proceeding
Duffy, C. J., Leonard, L., Bhatt, G., Yu, X., & Giles, L. (2011). Watershed Reanalysis: Towards a National Strategy for Model-Data Integration. 2011 IEEE Seventh International Conference on e-Science Workshops. IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/esciencew.2011.32 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esciencew.2011.32
Scientific Reports
Clune, J. W., Capel, P. D., Miller, M. P., Burns, D. A., Sekellick, A. J., Claggett, P. R., Coupe, R. H., Fanelli, R. M., Garcia, A. M., Raffensperger, J. P., Terziotti, S., Bhatt, G., Blomquist, J. D., Hopkins, K. G., Keisman, J. L., Linker, L. C., Shenk, G. W., Smith, R. A., Soroka, A. M., Webber, J. S., Wolock, D. M., & Zhang, Q. (2021). Nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed A Century of Change 1950-2050. US Geological Survey Circular (1486), 1-180. DOI: 10.3133/cir1486, ISBN/ISSN: 1067084X https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85132980832
Technical Reports
Shenk, G. W., Bhatt, G., Tian, R., Cerco, C., & Linker, L. (2021). “Modeling Climate Change Effects on Chesapeake Water Quality Standards and Development of 2025 Planning Targets to Address Climate Change.” CBPO Publication Number 328-21. (pp. 145). Annapolis, MD.
Shenk, G. W., Bhatt, G., & Linker, L. (2020). Chesapeake Bay Program’s Phase 6 Watershed Model for the Midpoint Assessment. Chesapeake Assessment and Scenario Tool (CAST) Version 2019. pp 192. Annapolis, MD.
Manuscripts Submitted for Publication
Linker, L. C., Shenk, G. W., Bhatt, G., Tian, R., Bertani, I., & Cerco, C. F. Development and Application of the 2020 Chesapeake Bay Climate Change Analysis. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. [Submitted November 4, 2022].
Manuscripts in Progress
Zhang, Q., Shenk, G. W., Bhatt, G., Bertani, I., Mason, C., & Moyer, D. The Chesapeake Bay TMDL Load Indicator: Integrating Monitoring and Modeling Information to Assess Progress Toward Partnership’s Nutrient Reduction Goals. Ecological Indicators.
Bhatt, G., Zhang, Q., Linker, L. C., & Shenk, G. W. Conowingo Infill and Climate Change Impacts on the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality and TMDL. Journal of the American Water Resources Association.
Papers, Presentations, Seminars, and Workshops
Hinson, K., Friedrichs, M., Herrmann, M., Bhatt, G., Bian, Z., Najjar, R., Shenk, G., St-Laurent, P., Yao, Y., & Tian, H. (2022). “Climate Change Driven Terrestrial Inputs Increases Likelihood of Hypoxia in a Eutrophied Estuary,” 2022 Ocean Sciences Meeting.
Bhatt, G., Linker, L., Shenk, G., & Bertani, I. (2022). “Development of a fine-scale Spatially Distributed Phase 7 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model,” 2022 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., Bertani, I., Linker, L., Claggett, P., & Burgholzer, R. (2022). “Environmental Flows – Chesapeake Bay Program’s Watershed Model for Hydrology,” Environmental Flows – Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, Invited. Main Presenter.
Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Tian, R., Shenk, G., & Bertani, I. (2022). “Next Generation Multi-Scale Models of the Chesapeake Watershed and Estuary – Exploring Future Challenges of Climate Change and Growth,” 2022 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Frankel, L., Friedrichs, M., St-Laurent, P., Bever, A., Lipcius, R., Bhatt, G., & Shenk, G. (2022). “Nitrogen reductions have decreased hypoxia in the Chesapeake Bay: Evidence from empirical and numerical modeling,” 2022 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Bertani, I., Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., & Linker, L. (2022). “Towards the development of a parsimonious Bayesian model to explore drivers of spatial variability in nutrient loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” 2022 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Bertani, I., Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., & Linker, L. (2022). “Towards the development of a parsimonious Bayesian model to explore drivers of spatial variability in phosphorus loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” 2022 Phosphorus Forum and Sustainable Phosphorus Summit.
Hinson, K., Friedrichs, M., Najjar, R., Bever, A., Herrmann, M., St-Laurent, P., Bian, Z., Bhatt, G., Tian, H., & Shenk, G. (2022). “Watershed Climate Scenario Uncertainty and Implications for Chesapeake Bay Hypoxia,” 2022 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., Linker, L., Tian, R., & Bertani, I. (2021). “Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model for Supporting Management Decisions,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2021, Invited. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., Bertani, I., Linker, L., Tian, R., Claggett, P., Ahmad, L., & Burgholzer, R. (2021). “Development of a Fine-scale Spatially Distributed Phase 7 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model,” CERF at 50: Celebrating Our Past, Charting Our Future; 26th Biennial Conference; Coastal & Estuarine Research Federation. Main Presenter.
Bertani, I., Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., & Linker, L. (2021). “Exploring factors affecting discrepancies between model-predicted and monitored long-term trends in watershed nutrient loads,” CERF at 50: Celebrating Our Past, Charting Our Future; 26th Biennial Conference; Coastal & Estuarine Research Federation.
Tian, R., Cerco, C., Bhatt, G., Linker, L., & Shenk, G. (2021). “Hydraulic control of climate change impact on water quality in Chesapeake Bay,” CERF at 50: Celebrating Our Past, Charting Our Future; 26th Biennial Conference; Coastal & Estuarine Research Federation.
Shenk, G., Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Tian, R., & Bertani, I. (2021). “Incorporating climate change in the Chesapeake Bay TMDL,” CERF at 50: Celebrating Our Past, Charting Our Future; 26th Biennial Conference; Coastal & Estuarine Research Federation.
Sabo, R., Sullivan, B., Wu, C., Trentacoste, E., Zhang, Q., Shenk, G., Bhatt, G., & Linker, L. (2021). “Major sources of point and nonpoint source nutrient pollution to surface water have declined throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2021.
Hinson, K., Friedrichs, M., St-Laurent, P., Herrmann, M., Najjar, R., Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., Bian, Z., & Tian, H. (2021). “Narrowing uncertainty in future projections of coastal hypoxia: The importance of climate and management scenario choice,” CERF at 50: Celebrating Our Past, Charting Our Future; 26th Biennial Conference; Coastal & Estuarine Research Federation.
Hinson, K., Friedrichs, M., Bhatt, G., Herrmann, M., Najjar, R., Shenk, G., Tian, H., Yao, Y., Bian, Z., & St-Laurent, P. (2021). “Quantifying Uncertainty in the Impacts of Climate Change on Hypoxia,” ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting.
Zhang, J., Cai, N., Bhatt, G., & Linker, L. (2020). “Application of an Unstructured Grid Model in the Chesapeake prototype,” Chesapeake Bay Research and Management: Progress and Future Challenges, 2020 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Burns, D., Bhatt, G., Linker, L., Bash, J., Capel, P., & Shenk, G. (2020). “Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: A History of Change,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2020.
Shenk, G., Bhatt, G., Bertani, I., Linker, L., & Sweeney, J. (2020). “Development of the Chesapeake Bay Program’s Watershed Model through participatory modeling,” Chesapeake Bay Research and Management: Progress and Future Challenges, 2020 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Ator, S., Schwarz, G., Sekellick, A., & Bhatt, G. (2020). “Estimating Effects of Climate Change on Nitrogen Flux to Chesapeake Bay,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2020.
Kaufman, D., Bhatt, G., Devereux, O., Rigelman, J., Asplen, K., Ellis, J., Hobbs, B., Ball, W., & Linker, L. (2020). “Supporting cost-effective watershed management in Chesapeake Bay through development of optimization modeling tools,” Chesapeake Bay Research and Management: Progress and Future Challenges, 2020 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Zhi, W., Li, L., Duffy, C., & Bhatt, G. (2020). “The shallow and deep hypothesis: vertical chemical contrasts shape nitrate export patterns from different land uses,” Chesapeake Bay Research and Management: Progress and Future Challenges, 2020 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Bhatt, G., Linker, L., Shenk, G., Bertani, I., Wu, C., Claggett, P., & Chanat, J. (2020). “Towards a fine-scale Chesapeake Bay watershed hydrology model,” Chesapeake Bay Research and Management: Progress and Future Challenges, 2020 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium. Main Presenter.
Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., Bash, J., Zhang, J., & Tian, R. (2020). “Towards Next Generation Fine-Scale Models of the Chesapeake Watershed, Airshed, and Estuary – What do the Managers Want?,” Chesapeake Bay Research and Management: Progress and Future Challenges, 2020 Chesapeake Community Research Symposium.
Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Tian, R., Cerco, C., & Shenk, G. (2019). “Assessing future climate risk to Chesapeake Bay water quality standards,” 25th Biennial Conference – Responsive, Relevant, Ready, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Tian, R., Linker, L., Shenk, G., Bhatt, G., Kaufman, D., Bertani, I., & Wu, C. (2019). “Assessment of Chesapeake Bay water quality under future climate conditions,” 25th Biennial Conference – Responsive, Relevant, Ready, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Bertani, I., Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., Linker, L., Kaufman, D., Tian, R., & Wu, C. (2019). “Drivers of spatial and temporal variability in nitrogen speciation in the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” 25th Biennial Conference – Responsive, Relevant, Ready, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Kaufman, D., Bhatt, G., Devereux, O., Rigelman, J., Ellis, J., Hobbs, B., Asplen, K., Ball, W., & Linker, L. (2019). “Identifying cost-effective water quality management strategies in the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” 25th Biennial Conference – Responsive, Relevant, Ready, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Bash, J., Nolte, C., Bhatt, G., Campbell, P., & Spero, T. (2019). “Multi-model assessment of climate and emission projections on atmospheric nitrogen loading to the Chesapeake Bay,” 25th Biennial Conference – Responsive, Relevant, Ready, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Bhatt, G. (2019). “Strawman Plan for CBPO Model Development,” Chesapeake Regional Hydrologic Model Planning Meeting, Annapolis, MD. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., Linker, L., Rigelman, J., Bertani, I., Claggett, P., Bash, J., Shenk, G., Kaufman, D., & Hinson, K. (2019). “Water quality impacts of land use and climate change in Chesapeake Bay TMDL Mid-Point Assessment,” 25th Biennial Conference – Responsive, Relevant, Ready, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation. Main Presenter.
Hinson, K., Friedrichs, M., Bhatt, G., Najjar, R., Herrmann, M., Tian, H., & Yao, Y. (2019). “Water quality impacts of land use and climate change in Chesapeake Bay TMDL Mid-Point Assessment,” 25th Biennial Conference – Responsive, Relevant, Ready, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Bhatt, G., Linker, L., & Shenk, G. (2019). “Water Quality Impacts of Land-use and Climate Change in Mid-Point Assessment of Chesapeake Bay TMDL,” Water Insights Seminar, Penn State, University Park, PA. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., & Linker, L. (2018). “Application of Phase 6 Watershed Model to Climate Change Assessment,” Chesapeake Bay Program Climate Change Modeling 2.0 – Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, Invited. Main Presenter.
Wagena, M., Sommerlot, A., Buell, E., Bhatt, G., & Easton, Z. (2018). “Quantifying Structural Model Uncertainty using a Bayesian Multi-Model Ensemble,” 2018 Chesapeake Community Research and Modeling Symposium.
Bhatt, G., & Linker, L. (2018). “State of the Science – Watershed: Chesapeake Bay Watershed Modeling,” Summit to Sea, Chapel Hill, NC, Invited. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., Sommerlot, A., Shenk, G., Linker, L., Li, L., & Duffy, C. (2018). “Towards a fine scale representation of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed,” 2018 Chesapeake Community Research and Modeling Symposium. Main Presenter.
Li, L., Zhi, W., Duffy, C., & Bhatt, G. (2018). “Understanding Hydrobiogeochemical Controls of Nutrient Export Using Process-based Watershed Modeling,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2018.
Tian, R., Wang, P., Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Hinson, K., & Sommerlot, A. (2017). “Gravitational circulation response to future climate change in Chesapeake Bay,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Wang, P., Cerco, C., & Hinson, K. (2017). “Influence of 2025 and 2050 climate change conditions on Chesapeake Bay water quality standards,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Bhatt, G., Hinson, K., Claggett, P., Johnston, M., Sommerlot, A., S, R., Bash, J., & Linker, L. (2017). “Integrated change analysis for flow, nutrients, and sediment loads using Phase-6 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation. Main Presenter.
Hinson, K., Friedrichs, M., Linker, L., & Bhatt, G. (2017). “Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Flows and Loads under 2025 and 2050 Conditions,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Shenk, G., Linker, L., Bhatt, G., & Sommerlot, A. (2017). “Stakeholder-Driven Nutrient Modeling for the Chesapeake Bay,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Bhatt, G. (2016). “Representation of the Conowingo Reservoir in the Phase 6 Watershed Model,” Conowingo Infill Influence on Chesapeake Water Quality – Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, Invited. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G. (2016). “Towards an Integrated Climate Change Analysis of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed,” The Development of Climate Projections for Use in the Chesapeake Bay Program Assessments – Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, Invited. Main Presenter.
Wang, P., Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Yactayo, G., & Tian, R. (2015). “Accessing impact of 2050 sea level rise and temperature increases on Chesapeake Bay water quality,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Bhatt, G., Duffy, C., & Leonard, L. (2015). “Accessing national data and distributed models for catchment simulation,” Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System, Annual Meeting. Main Presenter.
Yactayo, G., & Bhatt, G. (2015). “Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model sensitivity to observed climate change,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Claggett, P., Linker, L., Bhatt, G., & Shenk, G. (2015). “Influence of 2050 climate change and land use in the Chesapeake Bay,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Wang, P., Cerco, C., Shenk, G., & Tian, R. (2015). “Influence of 2050 Climate Change on Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Standards,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Hinson, K., Shenk, G., Linker, L., Bhatt, G., Yactayo, G., Wang, P., & Tian, R. (2015). “Multiple model elements in Chesapeake TMDL Modeling,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Tian, R., Yactayo, G., Shenk, G., Bhatt, G., & Keeling, B. (2015). “Nitrogen and phosphorus export rates across different sources and landuses on the Chesapeake Watershed,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Williams, M., Yactayo, g., Bhatt, G., & Filoso, S. (2015). “Stream restoration and TMDL Process: Challenges posed by climate change,” Maryland Water Monitoring Council, 21st Annual Conference.
Duffy, C., Leonard, L., Shi, Y., Bhatt, G., Hanson, P., Gil, Y., & Yu, X. (2015). “Tools for Virtual Collaboration Designed for High Resolution Hydrologic Research with Continental-Scale Data Support,” European Geophysical Union, General Assembly.
Bhatt, G., Yactayo, G., Hinson, K., Claggett, P., Shenk, G., & Linker, L. (2015). “Towards an integrated climate change analysis of the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., & Shenk, G. (2014). “Development of a watershed management model for the Chesapeake using multiple models,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., & Duffy, C. (2014). “Lake-Catchment modeling using Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM/PIHMgis),” Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network – 16. Main Presenter.
Curry, L., Shenk, G., & Bhatt, G. (2014). “Phase-6 Watershed model calibration,” The Chesapeake Bay TMDL’s Midpoint Assessment – Water Quality Goal Implementation Team Meeting.
Yactayo, G., & Bhatt, G. (2014). “Watershed model parameterization for assessing impacts due to climate change,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014.
Bhatt, G., Yu, X., Duffy, C., Leonard, L., & Kumar, M. (2013). “Development of multi-scale, multi-state application of a physics-based distributed hydrologic model in the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation. Main Presenter.
Williams, M., Linker, L., Najjar, R., Bennet, M., Shenk, G., Herrmann, M., Bhatt, G., & Wang, P. (2013). “Modeling climate change and implications for restoration practices in Chesapeake Bay and its watershed,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Duffy, C., Bhatt, G., & Thomas, E. (2013). “Modeling the isotopic “age” of water in hydroecological systems with PIHM,” Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System Annual Meeting.
Tian, R., Yactayo, G., Shenk, G., Linker, L., Wang, P., Bhatt, G., & Pruzinsky, A. (2013). “Response of nutrient exports to changes in loadings from different sources on the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Pruzinsky, A., Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., Linker, L., Yactayo, G., Tian, R., & Wang, P. (2013). “Spatial variability in nutrient and sediment loads due to climate change in Chesapeake Bay watersheds,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation.
Duffy, C., Thomas, E., Sullivan, P., Bhatt, G., & Yu, X. (2013). “The Catchment isoscape: Theory and experimental evidence for the isotopic age of water in a Critical Zone Observatory,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2013.
Yu, X., Bhatt, G., Duffy, C., & Shi, Y. (2012). “A Two-Scale parameterization for distributed watershed modeling using national data and evolutionary algorithm,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2012.
Bhatt, G. (2012). “Development of multi-scale, multi-state application of physics-based fully coupled hydrologic model for the Chesapeake Bay watersheds,” Chesapeake Modeling Symposium: The Chesapeake Community Modeling Program. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., Yu, X., Duffy, C., & Kumar, M. (2012). “Modeling of physical hydrology and ‘age’ of water using Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM),” Reactive Transport Modeling – Soil Transformation in European Catchments (SoilTrEC) Training Event. Main Presenter.
Yu, X., Duffy, C., Crow, w., Milak, S., Bhatt, G., & Shi, Y. (2012). “Using NLDAS-2 for initializing integrated watershed models: Model spin-up for the AirMOSS campaign,” American Geophysical Union, Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle.
Bhatt, G., Yu, X., Duffy, C., Kemanian, A., Kumar, M., & Leonard, L. (2011). “‘age’ of water: a physics based, fully coupled, distributed model for watershed assessment,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2011. Main Presenter.
Yu, X., Duffy, C., Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., & Giles, L. (2011). “Hyporheic Zone Study at Susquehanna/Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2011.
Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., Yu, X., Leonard, L., & Duffy, C. (2011). “Model-Data integration framework: Watershed reanalysis at the Susquehanna – Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory,” 3rd Workshop on the Community Hydrologic Modeling Project (CHyMP): A Strategic and Implementation Plan. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., Duffy, C., & Weller, D. (2011). “Physics based approach to understand space and time dynamics of freshwater discharge to estuaries,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation. Main Presenter.
Duffy, C., Leonard, L., Giles, L., Bhatt, G., & Yu, X. (2011). “The Virtual Watershed Observatory: Cyber infrastructure for Model-Data Integration and Access,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2011.
Bhatt, G., Duffy, C., Leonard, L., & Yu, X. (2011). “Towards a distributed hydrologic modeling framework for the Chesapeake Bay Watersheds,” Towards resilient coasts and estuaries: Science for sustainable solutions, Coastal Estuarine & Research Federation. Main Presenter.
Duffy, C., Bhatt, G., Yu, X., & Kumar, M. (2011). “Wetlands Response to Climate Change across Susquehanna River Basin,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2011.
Leonard, L. N., Duffy, C., & Bhatt, G. (2010). “Data-intensive hydrologic modeling: A Cloud strategy for integrating PIHM, GIS, and Web-Services,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010.
Bhatt, G., Duffy, C., Kumar, M., & Yu, X. (2010). “Developing a watershed model simulation prototype using national/international geodata using PIHMgis,” Multiscale modeling using the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Modeling System (PIHM), State College, PA. Main Presenter.
Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., Duffy, C., Dressker, K. A., & Wardrop, D. H. (2010). “Identification and Classification of Wetlands using Physics based Distributed Hydrologic Model,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010. Main Presenter.
Yu, X., Duffy, C., Bhatt, G., Shi, Y., Leonard, L. N., & Kumar, M. (2010). “Real-Time Implementation of the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Modeling System: The Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010.
Duffy, C. J., Li, W., & Bhatt, G. (2010). “The Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory for Embedded Sensing and Hydrologic Simulation,” American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2010.
Kumar, M., Duffy, C., & Bhatt, G. (2010). “Understanding and Prediction: An Evolving Paradigm for Modeling Hydrologic Process Feedbacks at Multiple Scales,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010.
Duffy, C., Kumar, M., Bhatt, G., Leonard, L. N., Yu, C., Shi, T., Davis, K. J., & Holms, G. (2010). “Watershed reanalysis: data assimilation from strip charts to embedded sensor networks,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010.
Duffy, C., Kumar, M., & Bhatt, G. (2009). “Multiscale, Multiphysics Modeling in Terrestrial Watersheds: Atmosphere-Tidal Interactions,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009.
Dressker, K. A., Piasecki, M., Bhatt, G., Duffy, C., & Reed, P. M. (2007). “Towards a Dynamic Digital Observatory: Synthesizing Community Data and Model Development in the Susquehanna River Basin and Chesapeake Bay,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, Eos Trans. 88(52).
Duffy, C., & Bhatt, G. (2007). “Using Integrated Hydrologic Models to Trace the Source and Dynamics of Fresh Water Discharge in a Coastal Watershed,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007.
Kumar, M., Bhatt, G., Beeson, P., & Duffy, C. (2006). “Automated Detection and Spatio-Temporal Classification of Channel Reaches in Semi-arid Southwestern US Using ASTER,” American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2006.
Kumar, M., Bhatt, G., Qu, Y., & Duffy, C. (2006). “Coupling hydrologic processes across different spatio-temporal scales: The Juniata River Basin,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006.
Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., Kamath, R. M., & Duffy, C. (2006). “PIHMgis: A “Tightly Coupled” GIS Framework for Integrated Hydrologic Modeling,” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006. Main Presenter.
Record of Membership in Professional and Learned Societies
Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (October 2011 – Present), Chesapeake Community Modeling Program (October 2010 – Present), Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (September 2010 – Present), International Association of Hydrological Sciences (July 2009 – Present), American Water Resources Association (July 2009 – Present), American Society of Civil Engineers (September 2007 – Present), American Geophysical Union (December 2006 – Present)
Description of New Computer Software Programs Developed
Chesapeake Bay Program’s Phase 7 Watershed Model, Bhatt, G., Bertani, I., Shenk, G., Linker, L. (2017-Present)
Phase 7 Watershed Model is being developed for water quality and climate change assessment of the Chesapeake Bay TMDL. NHDplus (Version 2) scale spatially distributed model development activities would be completed in 2025, followed by a partnership review of the model during calendar year 2026 and management application starting in 2027.
Chesapeake Bay Program’s Phase 6 Watershed Model, Bhatt, G., Shenk, G., Linker, L. (2011-2019)
Phase 6 Watershed Model was developed for the 2017 Mid-Point Assessment of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) by the Chesapeake Bay Partnership to assess and establish management plans for reducing nutrients and sediment loads to meet water quality standards. It is a simple and easily understood modeling framework that incorporates findings of multiple complex statistical and process-based models as well as other lines of evidence for simulating the effects of management scenarios and tracking implementation of management practices in a regulatory TMDL framework.
Domain Partitioning Tool, Bhatt, G., Kumar, M. (2010-2011)
Domain Partitioning Tool is a watershed partitioning framework for the efficient parallelization of distributed hydrologic models. It supports the domain partitioning of both structured and unstructured mesh networks.
PIHMgis – a physically-based spatially distributed hydrologic modeling framework, Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., Duffy, C. (2007-2012)
PIHMgis is an open-source, platform independent, tightly coupled GIS and distributed hydrologic modeling framework. PIHMgis improves model-data integration, and provides functionalities for watershed delineation, domain decomposition, parameter assignment, simulation, visualization, and analyses.
Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM), Kumar, M., Bhatt, G., Duffy, C. (2006-2011)
Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM) is a physics-based, fully coupled, spatially distributed hydrologic model. PIHM simulates transient dynamics of numerous hydrologic processes including channel routing, overland flow, infiltration, groundwater recharge, groundwater flow, interception, evapotranspiration, and snowmelt as a fully coupled system.