There are 7 other errors possible that could occur when attempting to retrieve information. Others include, absentmindedness, transience, misattribution, suggestibility,bias, and persistence. Transience, absentmindedness and blocking all fall under the category of actual forgetness of memories. Misattribution, suggestibility, and bias fall under distortion where the source of information is confused. The last one of persistence is in its own category of intrusion where you’re unable to forget an ugly memory (usually being traumatic events). Transience, a part of forgetting, is just when the information/memory happened so long ago that it no longer is accessible, another forgetful error is absentmindedness , as the forgetting is caused by a lack of attention to certain things. Tip of the tongue is apart of a bigger concept of forgetting and retrieval errors that can occur. Tip of the tongue is a phenomenon also known as Blocking where the information stored is inaccessible. The memory is right there and you know it’s there but just can’t seem to recall it. Many examples of this are not being able to remember the name of a famous actor but can describe them physically and list works they’ve been in. Distortion can happen in 3 ways, misattribution where the source of memory is confused as you may recall a dream memory as a waking memory. Another method is suggestibility which is simply false memories usually caused by leading questions causing you to assume that something happened (when it didn’t) because of the wording of the question. The last one is bias where the memories are distorted because of current belief systems. There are a couple modes on this video game called ‘Jackbox’ where trivia is involved and you must answer quickly. In many instances where I’ve known the answer but couldn’t remember the exact word in such a short timeframe leading to me having less correct answers and using the majority of the time trying to remember what the correct answer is. Other times where my friends are all talking about a movie or tv show and I want to bring up one of the actors that I can’t remember the name but I can describe them so well that all my other friends also know who I’m speaking about also experience ToT and can’t name them either but know who. Tip of the tongue is apart of a bigger concept of forgetting and retrieval errors that can occur.
Wede, J. (2023). Lecture 11 –Forgetting & Biology of Memory [PowerPoint Slides]. Pennsylvania State University PSYCH 100 CANVAS:
https://psu.instructure.com/courses/2280790/files/154869022?module_item_id=39941688