Author: Kevin Murray

What was challenging about this assignment?

The challenging part about this assignment was teaching myself what I was writing about. Having a firm belief in something is one thing, but doing the research and being able to prove your pointt in debate and rhetoric is another. Utilizing the research that I did and found, I was able to do so, and I had to teach myself why soem things mattered and why some events were neccessary, but I also had to understand why opposing viewpoints diagree with these events/idealogies. Being able to teach myself both sides and write from an unbiased viewpoint was easily the most challenging part of my TED Talk and paper on Black Lives Matter.

What do you think you did well? What are you happy with?

I believe I really reached out to everyone possible in my paper, and didn’t make it seem like the Black Lives Matter movement was for only one select group of people but instead for anyone fighting for social justice. I think I worded my argument very well and backed it up with quotes and statistical evidence to really drive my point forwarrd in my paper. Acoompanied by my TED Talk, I also feel extremely satisfied with my performance as I put a lot of work and effort in and believe that I got people’s attention and inspired them to learn more about what I worked on.

What would you do differently, if anything?

More quotes. I had a lot of statistics and I had a lot of proving my point, but I almost completely forgot to add important people such as victims, thier families, or influencers/politicans. I had many quotes in my draft and in my notebook, but I ran out of room for them, and decided it was best to leave out personal quotations from people, but instead use statistics and reasoning only. In that, I lost some of the pathos and maybe even the ethos aspect of my work and I sincerely regret that.

What did you learn about your process for creating a presentation for Zoom delivery?

I learnt about using statistics and important details to provide support for my message, but also to use animations such as transitions to cultivate the audice, and use appropriate speech which keeps them occupied and entertained, especially in a situation where they cannot see my face or my person in the room to direct their attention. This made it more difficult, but in turn it helped me push harder for a better and more inclusive presentation that really helped me get my point across.

What did you learn from others’ presentations that could be useful for you in the future?

I learnt the other structures and the thought process that they used. Some worked by explaining a multitude of different examples instead of breaking it down, whereas others simply focused on one matter and stuck with that. I also learnt about controversies and paradigms present in modern day that taught me enough to be a part of a fruitful discussion and/or debate about mdoern topics. With my peers doing excellent jobs as well, I will defeinitley be using all of these traits in future presentations and everyday life.

Oral Content

Topic: The discrimination of black lives in America

Purpose: To educate on the discrimination and racism still alive in America

Thesis: Due to systematic racism and discrimination in America, evident in rhetoric and statistics, black lives do not truly matter to the United States as a whole.

Intro: Black lives matter is not only an organization but a motto to be followed.

Attention Strategy: Black Lives Don’t Matter Yet title, to entice and intrigue readers into figuring out why. Black lives matter is a statement not only an organization

Body

I- Black lives matter and why

A- They are human beings that deserve the same rights as everyone

B- BLM is not a supremacy group, but striving for equality for black people

-Based on MLK jr in the original Civil Rights movement

II- Why don’t black lives matter yet in the USA (use statistics and graphs)

A- Police brutality deaths above all else despite making up 14% of the US population.

B- Misrepresented politically (under-represented)

-House of Representative’s blacks much lower than a white representation

C- economically suffering due to racism, severely below the white average

-Wage gaps

-Lower median income/wealth

-Barely any black CEOs

III- How to make Black Lives Matter

A- Vote for people who will represent black lives and end racist policies/entities

B- Hire black people

-Organizations should provide training and education for individuals that otherwise could not afford it so that there is no cultural misrepresentation

C- Educate others

-Teach and debate with misinformed or uneducated about the horrors of racism in America

-Don’t be bystanders and allow racism to fix itself

Conclusion-Black lives are misrepresented and treated wrong in the country, but with enough effort and true American spirit for freedom, we can finally make Black Lives Matter in this country

References:

• “Fatal Force: Police Shootings Database.” Edited by David Fallis and Danille Rindler, The Washington Post, WP Company, 22 Jan. 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/. ​
• “Herstory.” Black Lives Matter, 7 Sept. 2019, blacklivesmatter.com/herstory/. ​
• King, Martin Luther. “I Have a Dream Speech.” Martin Luther King I Have a Dream Speech – American Rhetoric, www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm. ​
• Oluo, Ijeoma. So You Want to Talk about Race. Seal Press, 2018. ​
• Shayanne Gal, Andy Kiersz. “26 Simple Charts to Show Friends and Family Who Aren’t Convinced Racism Is Still a Problem in America.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 8 July 2020, www.businessinsider.com/us-systemic-racism-in-charts-graphs-data-2020-6.

 

Visuals

[7 Slide Presentation; Transitions and Animations throughout]

1- Title Slide (Name, Picture, Title)

2- Black Lives Matter Organization with pictures

3- Black Lives Matter, the motto with only text

4- Focus questions described throughout the body of the TED Talk

5- Why do black lives matter with protestors as I discuss why

6- Introduction to why Black lives don’t matter in society yet

7- Continued with the previous topic, the graph on police brutality

8- Continued with the previous topic, List of black victims to police brutality

9- Continued with the previous topic, a graph showing wage gap and low Per Capita GDP for black families compared to white

10- Continued with the previous topic, the conclusion of II, shows graphs showing more economic and political racism present towards blacks in societies

11- How do we fix racism in the United States? (Correlates with III topics)

12- Conclusion Slide: picture of protest and thanking audience, whilst talking about how Black Lives will matter if we follow the guidelines in III

13- Sources

**Use History textbooks as sources

 

Paper Topic: The Paradigm Shift of African Americans being treated justly in America      Audience: My peers, my professor, and those willing to educate themselves (?)
Possible ideas for the introduction (see the front side of the handout for suggestions):

-Mention how unjustness and racism began with slavery before the country was born

-Country has since then fought valiantly to eradicate this discrimination to bring us to modern ages and ideologies of equality

-Discuss the Civil Rights Movement and compare it to civil unrest today blandly.

Thesis Statement (Usually the last sentence(s) in the introduction):

-(Rework) Throughout American history, a paradigm has shifted that has invoked the majority of people to finally treat people of color as human beings and equal.

II. Body (A paper may have a few or many main points; decide how many your paper will need)
Main Point: Slavery and discriminatory beginnings (smaller paragraph)
Examples/Details/Explanations:
a. Slaves were stolen in Africa because they were weak, not as civilized, and did not look the same as the captors
b. Slaves were immediately chained up, polished, and sold as if they were property (and to the buyers, they were)
c. No one even questioned the condition of the slaves, thus creating a social barrier of social racism
Main Point: First slave revolts (Turner’s rebellion is the best example)
Examples/Details/Explanations:
a. (Specific People)

Nat Turner- Preacher and slave who started the “only effective, sustained slave rebellion  in U.S. history.”

Ku Klux Klan- hate group that wore masks and murdered Christians, Republicans, and anyone that even supported blacks, on top of the majority black people killed and threatened.

b. Protests and violent revolts from enslaved people woke the country to realize that slaves are people too, and thus shouldn’t be enslaved like an animal or a farm tool
c. Some of these revolts led negative connotations to the slaves who enacted them, but they were limited by choice to make a change and were not trying to just send a message but to finally be free

Main Point:Civil War and Legislature following
Examples/Details/Explanations:

a. (Specific People)

Confederates (Robert E Lee and Jefferson Davis)- leaders of the Confederate States of America who seceded from the union to continue slavery in the states

Abraham Lincoln and the Union- First Republican President who promised to free the slaves and was elected because of it. Led America through the Civil War and emancipated all slaves.

Frederick Douglas- Social Reformer who escaped from slavery and assisted other escaped slaves to reach Northern sanctuary
b. Union and Lincoln wanted to ban slavery and Confederates seceded to prevent this, and the Civil War began, which resulted in the freeing of African Americans and allowance for them to become citizens

c. American idea of equality and negative views on discrimination began to be spread amongst the states.

Main Point: Civil Rights Movement and Protests
Examples/Details/Explanations:
a. (Specific People)

Martin Luther King Jr.- Christain minister and activist, most famous for his nonviolent protests and “I have a Dream” speech. Got presidential recognition from JFK

Rosa Parks- openly defied the racist segregation laws by sitting in the whites-only section of the bus

Booker T Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois- clashing activist authors and activists who juxtaposed ideas on how to truly free the black community

Malcolm X- Muslim minister who used faith and rhetoric to rally people to his cause for equality

Black Panther Party- Group of college students who formed a political party to defend and fight for African American rights

b. Despite slavery being illegal, segregation and racism was still very common in the United States following the Union’s victory in the civil war
c. Northern blacks still faced racism, but southern states still enforced rules (Jim Crow laws) and much stricter restrictions on people of color, on top of blatant everyday racism

Main Point: Modern view on equality and racism
Examples/Details/Explanations:
a. (Specific People)

In General- Famous, and Popular Elite. For example MLB, NBA, NFL all have tributes to the Black Lives Matter movement. Social influencers such as Megan Beer, Lebron James, Saquon Barkley, A-Rod/ J-Lo, Ariana Grande, Beyonce, etc.

George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Eric Garner,  etc. – Black lives lost that led to sparks of protests across the country fighting for social justice

b. Describe how organizations have embraced black lives matter to denounce racism and shine through whatever discrimination is left

c. Racism is highly tolerated, resulting in many social networking platforms banning users who perform such acts and making heinous remarks regarding one’s race and its supremacy has modern dilemmas and consequences that could jeopardize someone’s entire life.

d. The country has not only rooted outmost racism but is going to extreme measures to completely eradicate it and prevent racism from being even somewhat prevalent again

III. Conclusion
Reworded Thesis (Usually found near the beginning of the conclusion):
-The country has gone through multiple forms of turmoil since slaves landed in this country, but finally, the American people have reached a platform against racism and social injustice towards black Americans.

-talk about how the road to complete social justice is close, but arguments still arise about how to achieve this “equality”, which may even lead to postponing finally eradicating racism

 

Sources as of now:

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement#:~:text=The%20civil%20rights%20movement%20was,law%20in%20the%20United%20States.

https://www.biography.com/activist/nat-turner

https://www.biography.com/people/groups/civil-rights-activists

Topic: How advertisements use rhetorical strategies to educate the public and dissuade them from drunk driving.

 

Purpose:  To save lives and prevent injuries that are caused within drunk driving accidents.         

 

Thesis Statement:  The two advertisements use the rhetorical triangle of ethos, pathos, and logos, whilst also invoking both intrinsic and extrinsic proofs to draw out compassion from the audience to come together and completely eradicate drunk driving.        

 

Introduction: 

Attention Strategy: Start off giving statistics and an empathetical introduction line that makes the audience interested and concerned, whilst also making readers feel as though they can make a difference about the tragedy presented (number of deaths and injuries in Amerca caused by drunk driving each year)-NHTSA

 

Orienting Material:  Introduce both artifacts and describe them so that the audience may visualize them. Explain blandly where they are from, the message they try to convey, and how they contribute to the topic and purpose.

 

Preview:  Talk about the two artifacts whilst bringing up that they invoke ethos, pathos, and logos, Without explaining thoroughly, allow the audience to piece together some of the essay prior to reading it, whilst also lacking basic information so that they would like to read more. For example, talking about the statistics (logos) of the number of people dead, injured, and victimized (pathos) and how companies such as BMW make advertisements about it, and big social media platforms contain thousands of posts demoting drunk driving (ethos)

 

Body

(A)Main Idea: The presence of Ethos within the artifacts, creating a credible source of information to be displayed

(A) Support 1- BMW uses Ethos as a big brand name (multi-billion dollar car company) within the first artifact

(A) Specific Support 1a- BMW wouldn’t mislead the audience, because they would lose credibility and sales, so we can trust BMW knowing that their word is with truth or belief of the truth
(A) Specific Support 1b- When BMW focuses its time and money on an advertisement regarding an issue, we know it is a serious problem that needs attention immediately

(A)Support 2- The second artifact has no name to it, but the credibility is found through proven statistics

(A) Specific Support 2a-we can prove that over 800 people (NHTSA) are handicapped due to drunk driving every day, through math, we can figure out that the artifact is telling the truth
(A) Specific Support 2b- The public is not being misled, this artifact is trying to genuinely do good, and by telling the truth, we can listen to what it has to say and know they are in the right set of mind

(B)Main Idea: The presence of Pathos within the artifacts, displaying passion and empathy towards the audience, encouraging them to support the advertisements

(B) Support 1- The first artifact utilizes intrinsic proofs to establish pathos in its advertisement

(B) Specific Support 1a- The image of the organic leg next to the artificial prosthetic (BMW) shows the difference between the two and the oddness between living with a new difficulty in your life, that could’ve been prevented
(B) Specific Support 1b- No stats or specifics were detailed, allowing the audience to visualize the terrible actions the victim went through, evoking pain and empathy form whatever story they made up. (For example, and for whatever reason, I imagined a young girl hit at night by a drunk man driving, and now at a young age, will never be able to grow up with the same capabilities as she would have with the two legs she was born with)

(B)Support 2-The second artifact uses extrinsic proofs to establish pathos in its advertisement

(B) Specific Support 2a- Casualties/Fatalities seen as a number is now seen as an effect on people’s lives.
(B) Specific Support 2b- As a bland source of statistics, this artifact may even intrigue the viewers to investigate farther, looking at more statistics, using the same tactic I used in the introduction to invoke people’s emotions and learn more about how these “numbers” are ruining lives, and change needs to occur to decrease them

(C)Main Idea: The presence of Logos within the artifacts, displaying logic and reason to believe and support the common cause addressed by the artifacts

(C) Support 1- The first artifact uses rhetorical speech to induce logos into their artifact’s message

(C) Specific Support 1a- BMW is saying that cars can break down and be replaced some odd years with no second thought, but the human body has more value than that, and cannot be switched around, with parts given and taken as easily as the car is without invoking trauma and physical pain.
(C) Specific Support 1b- Disabilities are not the worst-case scenario (death is arguably the worst) but preventable disabilities that hinder somebody’s life, more often not a civilian who wasn’t the one DUI, can be prevented, which in turn allow people to live the life they want to live.

(C)Support 2- The second artifact uses extrinsic and intrinsic proofs to provide logistical reasoning and logos in the artifact’s message

(C) Specific Support 2a- The advertisement shows statistics, which can be proven or disproven (I used CDC and NHTSA) to show continuity of the destruction of human lives and welfare brought about by drunk driving
(C) Specific Support 2b- Creators of the artifact did not just throw out statistics, the intention was to draw in public concern and relay the message about the awfulness of drunk driving and the accidents they cause

 

 

Conclusion

Summary Statement – By proving the presence of ethos, pathos, and logos within the artifacts, the essay fulfilled the thesis that the advertisements are trying to do good as well as address the whole public with the truth and credibility. It is now up to the people to make the right choice with that information.

Concluding Remark – The general public now has a decision whether to be informed by these artifacts and to be a part of the movement that saves lives from drunk driving accidents, as these advertisements try to set in motion.

 

Reference Page(s)

BMW. “BMW Artifact Post (For Essay Works Cited).” Edited by Kevin Murray, Kevin Murray RCL, Penn State Blogs, 7 Oct. 2020, sites.psu.edu/kevinmrcl/2020/10/07/bmw-artifact-post-for-essay-works-cited/.  

Cantor, DM. “10 Most Effective Anti-Drunk Driving Advertisements.” David Cantor DUI Defense Lawyers, 19 Dec. 2019, cantorduilawyers.com/10-effective-anti-drunk-driving-advertisements.  

CDC. “Impaired Driving: Get the Facts.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24 Aug. 2020, www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/impaired_driving/impaired-drv_factsheet.html.  

Nathan Law, Geoffrey G. “National Drunk Driving Facts & Statistics .” Geoffrey G Nathan Law Offices, 2019, www.geoffreygnathanlaw.com/topics/national-drunk-driving-statistics/.  

NHTSA. “Traffic Safety Facts 2018 Data.” CrashStats , National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2018, (crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812864#:~:text=In%202018%20there%20were%2010%2C511%20people%20killed%20in%20alcohol%2Dimpaired,the%20United%20States%20in%202018.) . 

Presented is the first artifact demonstrated in the Rhetorical Essay: “Rhetorical Influences Against Drunk Driving”

Kevin Murray  

Final Draft- Rhetorical Speech Outline 

30 September 2020 

 

**(Visual aid attached separately, please display it on-screen during a speech, unless I can do so. Thank you in advance) 

 

Topic:  Drunk Driving is dangerous, and attention needs to be more focused on dissuading such actions involving alcohol consumption and operating a vehicle at the same time. 

 

Purpose: To draw stronger empathy from civilians towards victims of drunk driving incidents and persuade these individuals to go out and support change/intervention to prevent further accidents. 

 

Thesis Statement: Whilst utilizing the rhetorical trinity of ethos, pathos, and logos, BMW takes advantage of a kairotic moment to properly dissuade people from getting behind the wheel while intoxicated and save lives in the process. 

 

Intro  

Attention- Deaths in America by alcohol-impaired driving crashes have been extremely high for the past decade and do not indicate decreasing. 

Orienting Material- Using the resources from the CDC and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, we see that since 2012, only one year (2014, and just barely) falls under the 10,000 fatalities due to alcohol-impaired driving accidents, at least. 

Preview- The image used by BMW shows the difference between a prosthetic leg, and an organic human leg, forced upon the victim due to a drunk-driving accident. Pathos is tested here, trying to use empathy from the audience to help BMW’s cause against drunk driving. 

 

Body 

Main Idea A- People are being killed and injured at alarming rates, every single day (ethos, pathos, logos) 

1–Since 2015 (note that 2020 is not over and evidence is still not completely accurate) over 60,000 people have died (Around 53k of that is evidently proven)  

2– “A total of 1,038 children 14 and younger were killed in motor vehicle traffic crashes in 2018. Of these 1,038 fatalities, 231 children (22%) died in alcohol-impaired-driving crashes.” 

3– “An average of 1 alcohol-impaired-driving fatality occurred every 50 minutes in 2018.” and an average of 30 people die every day due to accidents involving a drunk driver, with 800 people being injured. 

4- Usage of ethos with BMW’s name helps the audience realize that this issue is so severe and detrimental than a multi-billion dollar company has been time and funding to try to prevent it. 

5-The artifact utilizes this information to explain that the human body cannot be altered and fixed as a car can. People can not be replaced, nor their parts, as a car can. A car can go through immense amounts of damage only to be remodeled, fixed, and replaced in the next few years anyways by a newer model. However, a human being faces trauma, and possibly even physical changes that hinder the individual from living their life as they would like to. 

 

Main Idea B- Easily preventable deaths and injuries could be stopped. (Two routes) [Logos, some pathos] 

1– group intervention or alcoholics anonymous. Prevents alcoholism and the idea that someone could do everyday activities whilst under the influence and stopping those who are constantly under the influence of abusing alcohol. 

 2 Legally bonded or simple promise/vow to be a designated driver. Uber, Lyft, or even public transportation as a worst-case scenario. Uses an alternative and safe way to get home. This leaves the worst possible outcome as throw up in a car, rather than a person dead or severely injured/traumatized. 

 

Main Idea C- We are not supposed to simply condemn drunk driving, but to help to fight for complete eradication of drunk driving. [Ethos, Pathos, Logos] 

1 No one is saying that drunk driving is good, but it is simply not spoken enough despite being a leading cause of traffic death in the country (28% to be precise). 

2 The only way to eradicate drunk driving in its entirety, or even at least to decrease the number of injuries and fatalities, is for the community to work together and culturally despise drunk driving. Not just to say these actions are bad, but to demoralize and disassociate those who take part in it, to dissuade the actions from ever crossing an intoxicated person’s mind again. 

3 No one would ever wish these things to be done upon them or their loved ones, so I use this hook to encourage people that may be a drastic change is needed to prevent such tragedies. 

 

Conclusion 

Summary- Over half of drivers’ dead at the wheel in a car accident are intoxicated by some sort of drug or drink. Thousands of Americans each year are being maimed, lost, and mourned due to these easily preventable actions. A stand needs to be taken, and with little to no opposition, it should be a swift victory. Alternate routes can be taken to prevent the tragedies caused every day by drunk driving. The problem is not advocating for drunk driving, as none are doing so, but the lack of avid supporters in finally terminating drunk driving or even the possibility of it.  

The last Remark- Although change may be won through a fight, the lives of tens of thousands of Americans each year are on the line, and with support from as many people possible, and easily won fight it will be, for the better of American livelihood.  

 

 

 

References 

–CDC Facts on Impaired Driving 

(https://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/impaired_driving/impaired-drv_factsheet.html#:~:text=In%202016%2C%2010%2C497%20people%20died,involved%20an%20alcohol%2Dimpaired%20driver.) 

–Crash Stats for 2018  

(https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812864#:~:text=In%202018%20there%20were%2010%2C511%20people%20killed%20in%20alcohol%2Dimpaired,the%20United%20States%20in%202018.) 

Thesis: Two advertisements use the rhetorical triangle of ethos, pathos, and logos, whilst also invoking both intrinsic and extrinsic proofs to draw out compassion from the audience to come together and completely eradicate drunk driving.

Intro Paragraph: describe the two artifacts. Talk about one being from BMW, and how it compares the organic and prosthetic leg. The second one is gloomy and makes a statement of statistic, about how every 48 seconds a new driver can park in a handicap spot (whilst displaying the handicap spot). Explain how no one believes drunk driving is good, let alone even permissible, but not enough people are standing up to make a difference.

*Note a singular “paragraph” may denote to a group of paragraphs still relating to the common theme, structure, and description as provided.

First Paragraph: ETHOS

Talk about the ad that BMW specifically uses here, as they could just be selling cars but they instead decide to care for the people being hurt by drunk driving accidents. As a high-end car company, the speaker can be relied on to tell the facts and speak to the audience with the intent to help, not harm. The other artifact uses specific evidence, and although there is no bran associated with it, we can use evidence from other resources (I used the CDC using the link below) to show they are telling the truth, and just like BMW can be trusted with information, and although not due to their name, it is due to their common fact of trying to help the community from drunk driving.

Second Paragraph: PATHOS

Use the empathy for another human being, present in both artifacts, to reach out to the audience explaining how even though we all believe drunk driving is bad, people are still maimed, killed, and lost forever due to drunk driving accidents. Before providing statistics in the next set of paragraphs with extrinsic proof, get the audience genuinely upset and motivated for change. Talk specifics of each artifact. The BMW one talks about how car’s parts can be changed, replaced, and out of service fine, but a human’s physical and mental toll is seriously altered for the worse when present in drunk driving accidents, and the only way to prevent such tolls is to prevent drunk driving. The second artifact talks about how handicap spots are made accessible by more people every 48s. Talk to the audience about how near 30 people die every day due to impaired drivers, and even more, are able to access these handicap spots.

Third Paragraph: LOGOS

After having people upset with the destruction caused by drunk driving, it is time to use the statistics and evidence (backed by the CDC) and used primarily in the second artifact. Possibly use another external reference to back up the first artifact, stating the trauma and mental issues developed within drunk driving victims. Give numbers on death count, injury count, how many people ar incarcerated for drunk driving, etc.

Conclusion:

Restate thesis, and make point. Use tad bits from above articles to restate thesis proofs. end off once again encouraging the audience to take part in what the artifacts stand for an dwhat issues they try to represent.

Topic: Drunk Driving is dangerous, and attention needs to be more focused on dissuading such actions involving alcohol consumption and operating a vehicle at the same time.

Artifact’s Purpose: To draw stronger empathy from civilians towards victims of drunk driving incidents, and persuade these individuals to go out and support change/interventions to prevent further accidents. (Artifact shown below as Artifact A)

Thesis: Using the audience of the popular car brand BMW, whilst also evoking the people’s emotions and minds towards the effects of drunk driving on individuals and as a whole community, we can dissuade people from getting behind the wheel when intoxicated, and save lives in the process.

Outline:

-Draw attention by having the audience visualize the trauma a victim goes through following an easily preventable accident. I will then explain how easily preventable these accidents are. No one plans to get hit by a drunk driver, and hopefully, nobody gets behind a wheel intoxicated with the intent to hurt people. If we create interventions, use public transportation, privatized transportation such as Uber or Lyft, or even using a friend/designated driver. I would use the logo of BMW to show that this issue is severe enough that a multi-billion dollar company is attempting to prevent it. I then need to convince people to not just feel empathy or sadness towards this matter but to become eager to prevent such heinous acts, and to protect themselves and their community from this easily preventable plague. No one is saying that drunk driving is good, but it is simply not spoken enough despite being a leading cause of traffic death in the country (28% to be precise).

The empathy of trauma: comes directly from the image and the words supporting it. People can not be replaced, nor their parts, as a car can. A car can go through immense amounts of damage only to be remodeled, fixed, and replaced in the next few years anyways by a newer model. However, a human being faces trauma, lifelong changes that may prevent them from experiencing life as they want too. Challenges are now present every day that are unnecessarily there due to these accidents. Some people don’t even get to live. Some people die brutally in these crashes, and even worse some don’t. Some lose their children or loved ones within a crash, and they themselves only suffer wounds, having survivors guilt on top of losing someone they care about. No one would ever wish these things to be done upon them, so I use this hook to encourage people that may be a drastic change is needed to prevent such tragedies.

Easily preventable: as previously stated, multiple different routes can be taken. Intervention, AA, and when intoxicated knowing a way to get home such as using public transportation, privatized transportation such as Uber or Lyft, or even using a friend/designated driver.

Big company name: Bring in BMW Fans, users, and those who know the company to realize that this issue is so severe and detrimental than a multi billion dollar company has been time and funding to try to prevent it. This also helps because now a leader does not need to be present in the audience, simply a messenger to relay BMW’s work in trying to make the world a better place and eradicating drunk driving.

Conluding remarks:

I have to remind me the audience that even though we all disown drunk driving and acknowledge it as heinous and preventable, there needs to be more done then mourn the dead and feel sorry for the victims. Even more steps need to be taken then arretsing and charging the drunk driver, because I think there needs to be more done to prevent it.

Over half of drivers dead at the wheel in a car accident are intoxicated by some sort of drug or drink. Thousands of Americans each year are being maimed, lost, and mourned due to these preventable actions. A stand needs to be taken, and with little to no opposition it should be a swift victory. The problem is not advocates for drunk driving, as there is none, but the lack of avid supporters in finally terminating drunk driving, or even the possibility of it. Information needs to be spread, people need to be reached out to while also reaching out, and innocent lives need to be saved.

 

 

Resources:

CDC Facts on Drunk Driving

 

A) BMW explains that a car can be replaced, and although a person can use prosthetics, it is life changing.A car can be torn apart, rebuilt, remodeled and discarded in the same year and it will run if it is supposed to run. The psychologicaldamage and the cost of a victim that gets hit, when it is so easily available. A car can look the same if remodeled, while a prosthetic leg looks vastly different then the real thing. There is an avoidable emotional toll that BMW is asking to avoid. 

B) Every 48 seconds aperson is incapacitated by a drunk driver.This advertisement explains the problem that drunk drivers can injure people and maim them at an alarming rate, and with these statistics it hopes to persuade people how awful this is and cause others to not be put in that situation. 

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