Modular Hybrid Power System for UAVs

Overview

The flight endurance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) depends heavily on the power system that it uses. While most UAVs are powered with Lithium-ion (LiPo) batteries, the size and energy density of these batteries limit flight times to 15 minutes or less. By implementing a hybrid power system, the endurance and performance of UAVs can be improved.

Objectives

The team was tasked by Lockheed Martin with creating a hybrid power system for UAVs capable of outperforming conventional battery-powered drones. The design must be within 12”x12”x6” and weigh less than 3100 grams.

Approach

– Began concept generation of the power system architecture to optimize for flight endurance while keeping user safety, weight, and size within the requirements
– Hosted weekly team meetings with the sponsor to discuss the state of the design
– Created wiring schematics and CAD models of the electrical and mechanical subsystems
– Researched and sourced the components required to realize the design
– Machined brackets and soldered wire connections to manufacture the prototype
– Programmed a controls code to regulate the power system
– Conducted testing and began troubleshooting electrical, mechanical, and programming issues
– Collected data of the power outputs that confirmed a functional integration of the power system

Outcomes

– The power system can reliably output 850W of power
– It was determined that with 400g of fuel, the system would outperform battery-powered UAVs
– The design proved that a hybrid power system is feasible and more efficient compared to battery models
– The current design serves as a good baseline for future Capstone students to optimize the system for flight