The primary purpose of Chapter 4, Dimensional Visual Elements I, is to define a point, a line, and a plane. Chapter 4 also goes over the elements that effect Dimensional or Optical properties of an object. Dimensional or optical properties of an object include point, line, plane, volume, and kinematics. Something I learned from Chapter 4 is a line is an infinite series of points and when it reaches a certain thickness it becomes a plane. Kandinsky relates a horizontal line to a cool and passive tone, a vertical line to a warm and active tone, and a box of lines to a neutral tone. This is what Kandinsky refers to as effective “tonality”. External resources linked in the wiki are Klee, Paul. Pedagogical Sketchbook. Praeger. 7th ed. 1972. pp. 16-17. Kandinsky, Wassily (trans. Rebay, Hilla). Point and Line to Plane. Dover Editions. 1979. p. 115. Lupton, Ellen and Phillips, Jennifer Cole. Graphic Design: The New Basics. Princeton Architectural Press. 2008. p. 14., p. 16., and p. 18.
The primary purpose of Chapter 8, Visual Principles, is to divide patterns, known as principles, into two classifications, 1. Unity Contrast Hierarchy Economy and 2. Balance Pattern Direction Scale. Something interesting I learned throughout this chapter is that Mathematics plays a significant role in 3D artwork, sculpture, and architecture. For example, proportion can be displayed as a ratio. All squares have a 1:1 relationship.
The purpose of Gestalt’s theory is to break down the way we perceive things into four principles and also create grouping into eight laws to explain how we view illusions. The four principles of perception are emergence, reification, multi-stability, and invariance. The eight laws of grouping are proximity, similarity, closure, symmetry, continuity, common fate, figure and ground, and Prägnanz. Something I learned from this article is that the human eye perceives shapes that might not be emphasized or constructed with objects. For example, the reification principle of perception describes how we can see things in art that aren’t given.
Cromar, William. “CHAPTER 4 – Visual Elements I: Point, Line, Plane.” ParallelUniverses [Licensed for Non-Commercial Use Only] / CHAPTER 4 – Visual Elements I: Point, Line, Plane, 2020, newmediaabington.pbworks.com/w/page/67293527/CHAPTER%204%20%E2%80%94%20Visual%20Elements%20I%3A%20Point%2C%20Line%2C%20Plane.
Cromar, William. “CHAPTER 8 – Visual Principles.” ParallelUniverses [Licensed for Non-Commercial Use Only] / CHAPTER 8 – Visual Principles, 2020, newmediaabington.pbworks.com/w/page/67298657/CHAPTER%208%20%E2%80%94%20Visual%20Principles.
Cromar, William. “PointToLineGestaltTheory.” NewMediaWiki [Licensed for Non-Commercial Use Only] / PointToLineGestaltTheory, 2020, newmediawiki.pbworks.com/w/page/126784382/pointToLineGestaltTheory.