Why Social Media Is So Polarizing – And What Can We Do About It.

This topic is key to the current state of society. Lately, friends have told me, the United States has been divided into two political parties. In Mexico, this is not different. Social Media has polarized Mexico between those who support the president and those who think he is doing more damage to Mexico than good. This topic is important to Gen Z, the generation that uses social media more than others.

The political spectrum has become vaster thanks to social media platforms like Twitter, leading to a distortion of news, and altering opinions. On these platforms, we see more extremist persons making most of the posts, leading to a false representation of political views from any political party.

One of the main ideas of this podcast is the echo chamber. The echo chamber is when we cannot understand each other because we fail to see that there are two sides to every story. The broadcaster tested it at Duke. They paid many Twitter users to follow a bot that would expose them to other political perspectives. What happened? They become more entrenched in their pre-existing views.

Right now, few people would consider themselves moderate. For a healthy functioning democracy, we need people with differing views.

In social media, we see a small group of people with extremist ideals posting endlessly, trying to gain status. The majority-moderate group goes invisible on social media.

This podcast goes back to the idea of status often. For example, the broadcaster describes someone polite in person, even shy, but in isolation, he is someone different online. This behavior change is related to the idea of status.

The broadcaster states that face-to-face deliberation could help people understand opposing political views. I agree with the last statement because close contact would make it easier to deliberate while having a civil behavior. One way to improve the behavior of social media users is through a change in the algorithm of the apps. The apps would need to show influent content from different perspectives, optimizing democracy.

As I have said before, I am becoming more interested in democracy and starting to advocate for my beliefs. I found this podcast tremendously helpful to avoid falling into a category where I only see content from one perspective, creating a distorted view of the other’s beliefs. It is by putting oneself in the place of the other that democracy is optimized

Reference:

https://www.democracyworkspodcast.com/chris-bail/

Russia And Ukraine: How We Got Here

I chose this topic to learn about the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. It was interesting to learn more about this because I had prior knowledge, but still, I was not seeing the bigger picture of the conflict.

I knew that Ukraine was part of the USSR before it collapsed. That is why there are ties between both nations. One thing that was especially interesting to me was the idea that the western had caused this conflict. I got this idea from a TikTok video, so I was very skeptical about the information in the video. I was surprised when I heard the broadcaster talk about something similar. The idea goes that NATO has been expanding towards the east, allowing some previous soviet countries to join. Donna clarifies that NATO is a concern for Putin but even before the push to countries contemplating joining NATO. In the past, Russia has gone to war to append territory. And Putin’s Russia has been doing this to restore Russia as a great power.

Also, it was interesting to know the perspective that Russia is an aging nation with a population decline. If Russia wants to continue to have power, they need to change this. That is also one of the reasons why they want Ukraine. Ukraine has the land and population (44 million) to favor the tide of Russia. It was astonishing to hear how Russia is handling the media to its citizens about the war. They victimized a minority Russian ethnic in Ukraine, calling the government fascists. And they are controlling social media and repressing protests with force.

In 2014, Russia took Crimea effortlessly. There was not much of a fight. Since then, Ukraine has gotten stronger. I think that since Crimea, Ukraine has received military training from the U.S. That is why it seems that Putin underestimated Zelensky. He has not been able to claim victory over Ukraine. Indeed, it is uncertain who would come up victorious.

I did not know that Putin gave the option to add Ukraine to the Eurasian Economic Union. I did not know about the existence of that economic union. But with the information in this podcast, it makes sense that Putin offered that. In that way, they can promote economic growth in Russia without taking Ukraine by force. And for me, it looks like that is what Putin is looking for, to rebuild the Soviet Union. However, I do not know how that union would be viable if there is no counterbalance to Putin. Russia is an authoritarian government.

This podcast is insightful to the current situation in Ukraine. Now, I have more information about the conflict and can understand key factors of why and what is happening.

Reference:

https://www.democracyworkspodcast.com/russia-and-ukraine-how-we-got-here/

Boom

Boom

Last blog day! This blog is different than the rest. I started these blogs writing about cities I would like to visit, only writing about big cities. Now, this blog series will end with a city that is unique from my perspective. This city is small but hosts a big festival. Boom, Belgium serves as the host for Tomorrowland. If you’re not familiar with it, do not worry, I will write about it later. Even though that Boom is a small city with a population of 16,000, it hosts the largest Electronic Dance Music (EDM) festival with an attendance of 400,000. Tomorrowland is definitely at the top of my bucket list.

Tomorrowland

Tomorrowland is a festival born in 2005 in Boom, Belgium. It started as a small festival, having an attendance of only 1000 people. However, it grew fast. In its third edition, Tomorrowland had more than 50,000 attendants. In 2019, the last festival due to Covid-19, the attendance rose to 400,000.

How long does the festival last? The festival lasts for two weekends (in July), in which more than 1000 artists in 16 stages spread over 38 hectares play the best EDM in the world. The festival is so famous that there even is a waitlist to get tickets. More than 2 million registered for only 400,000 tickets. Every country is on the list for tickets, even North Korea.

 

What is so special about Tomorrowland? I will try my best to answer this from the videos and blogs I have read about it. Getting a ticket is difficult. So, if you could get one, it is a motive to celebrate. Some say the party begins when you get to the airport where other people going to the festival are already celebrating. Your ride in the plane is far from ordinary; the speakers of the airplane blast some music, or even in some cases, you will have a live DJ performance. Once you get to Boom, the real party begins. In Tomorrowland, you have anything you want. You can sleep there in a tent or a luxury hotel. You can get some rest and prepare for the adventure ahead.

When the festival starts, you can choose from 16 different stages. Each stage plays a subgenre of EDM. Basically, in Tomorrowland, there is a stage for every taste in EDM. If you like mainstream EDM, you could go to the main stage. But if you are more into hardstyle, you could go to Q-Dance. Also, if you want to experiment with a different style of EDM, you could go to The Rave Cave; I think the name is pretty self-explanatory.

I hope I was able to convey my excitement for the festival. If Tomorrowland is all that the internet says it is, it will be better than any previous concerts I have attended. If you want to see what I tried to describe above, watch the first minutes of this video.

References:

https://www.forbes.com/sites/kayvannikjou/2019/09/06/is-tomorrowland-worlds-best-music-festival/?sh=50caaa3d44a8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)#Stages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom,_Belgium

https://festivalsquad.com/2019/07/the-16-incredible-stages-of-tomorrowland-weekend-1/

https://thatdrop.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/party-flightsq.jpeg

Berlin

Berlin

In the previous blogs, I talked about cities in Europe. For the remaining blogs, I will stay on the same continent. Now, I will talk about the capital city of Germany. Berlin is a city that would not be on my bucket list a few years ago. However, I started liking electronic music, and I found out that Berlin has one of the best places to enjoy this music genre. One cousin studied there for a semester as an exchange student, and she liked it so much that she is going back next semester. She told me only good things about Berlin, making me want to visit it.

One quick fact about Berlin, the city is older than Germany. Berlin is about 800 years old, making it older than the country. The country has gone through different names. Germany was founded in the 19th century. When Berlin was founded, it was part of the early medieval tribes. In the 13th century, Berlin became part of Prussia. At some point, it became its capital. The city has gone through different states, leaving a rich culture in the city. That is why I want to visit the city; it is a perfect place to experience the old European culture and the new one.

Berlin Tower

In my previous blogs, I have mentioned city towers and the view of the city they offer. As well, Berlin has a tower. The Berliner Fernsehturm (English: Berlin Television Tower) is the tallest building in Germany, standing at 1,207 ft tall. The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) built the tower to make it a symbol of Communist power. Today, the Berliner Fernsehturm serves as a radio and television broadcasting station. However, it also serves as a touristic spot, having a viewing deck at 722 ft of height.

Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall is a monument that represented division for a long time. After its fall, it became a symbol of resilience and hope. It used to serve as a border between West and East Germany. Political views regarding the wall differentiated vastly. The West saw it as the wall of shame, getting in the way of freedom. The East saw it as protection against the fascists, which tried to impede the will of the people to build a socialist state.

Berlin unique nightlife

Berlin is known for having one of the rarest and most amazing nightclubs, at least I have been told. Some clubs give an underground vibe where the music starts sounding loud from early morning until the next one. Berlin is known to be the capital of techno, having the best places with the best sound quality. Also, some clubs are hard to get in: bouncers will not let you in because of the “vibe” you transmit. The idea of bouncers not letting you in because of your vibe is something that sounds intriguing and ridiculous at the same time.

References:

https://i.natgeofe.com/n/9e138c12-712d-41d4-9be9-5822a3251b5a/brandenburggate-berlin-germany.jpg

https://www.getyourguide.com/magazine/2020/05/incredible-berlin-history-facts-virtual-tour/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernsehturm_Berlin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall

https://www.berlinclubs.com

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Berlin_-_Berliner_Fernsehturm1.jpg

https://www.berlinclubs.com/images/kitkat.jpg

Issue Brief: Possible outline

Mexico: The Story of A (flawed) Democracy and How to Move Forward.
(Testing new title)

Mexico is the 15th economy,1 the 46th most happy country,2 and one of the most insecure nations in the world. The latter reflects Mexico’s current government, which democracy is declining. However, first, let us define democracy. Democracy: A political system that allows the citizens to participate in political decision‐making, or to elect representatives to government bodies.3 In Mexico, it is inexistent as elected officials, elected by fraud, take decisions that affect the people’s wellbeing.

Corruption is one of the many problems that Mexico suffers today. However, it is the most important one, and from it, many other problems are intertwined. The government’s lack of transparency has created a non-trustworthy State with abundant corruption. Additionally, it created a State with an absence of authority in the justice system. These have created the perfect environment for certain groups to participate in illicit activities such as narcotics, homicide, kidnap, etc.

Mexico’s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has a new policy that states, “Hugs not Bullets.” That policy implies that he has no intentions of putting a firm stance against organized crime. Mexico is not in the position of not fighting criminals. Mexico needs a strong government that prosecutes criminals and takes them before the law. By reforming Mexico into a more democratic nation, it will achieve social and economic progress.

    • Impact the current state of the Government has on people.
    • How the Merida initiative works to fight drug cartels.
    • Actions needed to make this change (establishing more democracy in Mexico). (I still do not know the path I am going to take to tackle this).
    • Add specific examples of corrupt leaders
    • Add Statistics to support my claims.
    • Drug dealers are important but not the main topic of my paper anymore
  • A Lacking Democracy
    • Perfect Dictatorship by the PRI
    • Consequences of the 70-years-long dictatorship
    • Mexico has not been a real democracy.
    • Before the electoral reforms in the 1990s, the government used to control elections
    • The creation of regulating institutions charged with the elections (IFE and INE)
    • In the 2000s, the first change of political party in power (from PRI to PAN)
    • Vicente Fox Quezada first president in power after the dictatorship
    • Institutes: CNDH, “Instituto Nacional de la Transparencia”, COFESE, IFT, Banco de Mexico, COFETEL,
    • Progress made with certain presidents. Creation of many autonomous institutes.
    • President Fox promised to fight corruption, but he did not deliver.
    • The next government, Felipe Calderon Hinojosa, did not fight corruption either.
    • Growth in organized crime related to narcotics.
    • Calderon declared war on drugs
    • Governments after Calderon brought corruption back and crime increased, causing a great mortality rate among Mexicans due to crime-related assassinations.
    • Mexico has not achieved full democracy yet. Progress has been hindered by corruption and impunity.
  • Failed promises by current President
    • Promised to fight corruption.
    • Instead, he has been involved in many acts of corruption.
    • Offered democracy and economic growth
    • When assuming power, betrayed Mexico. Promised in the campaign, but not delivered
  • Political regression
    • Dismantle autonomous institutions established in the past, Supreme Court included.
    • The current government wants people they can control in power.
    • Dismantlement  of Federal Trusts
  • Corruption
    • Ramón Lopez Beltran
    • Crony capitalism
  • Impunity
    • Promised to bring before the law corrupt officials from past administrations
  • Organized Crime
  • Hugs not Bullets
  • NAIM: the failed promise to Mexico’s economy
  • The destruction of the popular security
  • Country militarization
    • Formation of a new national guard
  • Private Investment in decline
  • Government investing
    • Not spending or creating policies to promote economic growth.
  • Eco-friendly energies are being changed for fossil fuels
  • How to move forward
    • Autonomous justice system
    • Merida initiative to fight organized crime
    • Better public education
    • The United States could help promote Mexico’s democracy
      • USMCA
      • Develop treaties with Mexico regarding liberties and rights
    • Strengthening of democratic institutions
    • Formation of citizenship
    • Formation of civil associations

Endnotes:

1 Investopedia, The Top 25 Economies in the World, https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/ (Feb. 3, 2022)

2 Helliwell et al. Statistical Appendix for “Happiness, benevolence, and trust during COVID-19 and beyond,” Chapter 2 of World Happiness Report 2022, https://happiness-report.s3.amazonaws.com/2022/Appendix_1_StatiscalAppendix_Ch2.pdf (Mar. 9, 2022)

3 Oxford Reference, Democracy, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095709688

Barcelona

Barcelona

For today’s blog, we will stay in Europe. Today’s city is home to one of the biggest soccer clubs: F.C. Barcelona. Before going further, I would like to say that I am more of a Madrid fan and that Ronaldo > Messi. It had to be said. Now that I have mentioned that Ronaldo is the G.O.A.T., we can move forward. Barcelona is the city that everyone I know has been there has told me that it has everything. Barcelona is a cosmopolitan city, having public beaches, unique cuisine, and culture. Barcelona is also very famous for its architecture. Barcelona is part of Catalonia, and they have their language. If you asked me, a native Spanish speaker, if I can understand a little bit of Catalan, I would say that mostly no. I only understand some words that are the same in Spanish. Even though that Catalan and Spanish are Romance languages, they are considerably different. It would be odd to visit because it is one of the few regions of Spain where they speak Spanish and another language. On another note, I am not very fond of the Spanish accent. For me, they sound weird. Is there an accent in your language you do not like?

Let us start with an interesting fact about this region. As I mentioned before, Barcelona is in Catalonia. Since the 19th Century, there has been a national movement in Catalonia seeking its independence from Spain. A brief and simple summary would be that Catalonia was considered an autonomous region of Spain, but later, Dictator Francisco Franco suppressed the region. After the dictator’s death, the region regained autonomy under the 1978 constitution. In 2006, a statute granted even more autonomy to Catalonia, almost describing it as a Nation. Later in 2010, this was reversed, evoking a sentiment of irredentism among Catalonians. Since then, the Catalonian parliament has been fighting for its independence. Now that I mentioned that quick fact about Catalonia. Let us start with the first things I would visit in Barcelona.

Sagrada Familia

It is no secret that Barcelona has one of the best architecture in the world. There are many places I would like to visit like the Catedral de Barcelona, Casa Batlló, Santa Maria del Mar, and Casa Milà. However, the one that I feel I am obliged to visit is the Sagrada Familia. It is one of the longest-running construction projects, having started its construction 130 years ago. When I see images of the church on the internet, its design mesmerizes me. It is an important monument to the Roman Catholic religion.

El Clasico

As I mentioned before, I like soccer. So, if I go there, I will make the dates of my stay be the same as a “Clasico” match. El Clasico is a soccer match between Real Madrid and Barcelona. It probably is the greatest soccer rivalry. On a sad note, I am very late to go and see Cristiano Ronaldo playing for Madrid and Lionel Messi for Barcelona. Still, I would like to experience the energizing environment the greatest rivalry in soccer causes.

Dow Jones Bar

There’s a bar I would like to visit in Barcelona. Its name is Dow Jones Bar. The prices depend on demand, fluctuating like a stock exchange. If a crash happens the drinks become cheaper.

References:

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29478415

https://time.com/sagrada-familia-barcelona/

http://dowjonesbar.com/about/

https://lp-cms-production.imgix.net/2021-07/GettyRF_1137803766.jpg

https://www.foreignbrief.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/catalonia.png

https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5254/4190/e8e4/4eff/0200/06cf/large_jpg/sfpassio.jpg?1381253501

https://as01.epimg.net/en/imagenes/2019/12/17/football/1576613955_161870_1576614001_noticia_normal_recorte1.jpg

http://dowjonesbar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/IMG-20180314-WA0003.jpg