Every single day all individuals experience a perception altercation in which they sense the speed of various objects, innately; based on the distance they are from them. This concept is known as the motion parallax, under which individuals have a natural sensation that images that appear closer to them are moving faster. This perception we experience on a daily basis occurs from the way in which we are moving in comparison to the way that objects appear to move past us in our visual field. Essentially there is the sensation of these stationary object in our visionary field moving, even though this is a false perception as it is a result of either our entire body moving; or simply through moving our heads. This is proved further because the term parallax is simply defined as being an apparent shift in motion. This nicely summarizes and expands upon what exactly the motion parallax is, which is our perception that there is seemingly motion taking place of an object, even though this is just a sensation we have due to our own movements. This is such a phenomenal concept as we can simply do this just by moving our heads around in our environment, and noticing that the closer objects appear to move quicker through our visual field than do the stimuli that are farther away. I was intrigued by this depth cue as we learned about it in lecture and it seemed remarkably relevant to our daily lives and one of the depth cues that were easier to understand and notice it, as it occurs more frequently and is more probable to realize. I also found this motion parallax very noteworthy as it involves the utilization of a few of our other depth cues in order to properly put it into a working format for our visual perception. In order to use motion parallax we must also be capable of using relative size, relative height, and familiar size of stimuli in our environment to efficiently and accurately perceive the world around us, as we move through it. Still my favorite way I used to recognize the motion parallax, as a child was when I would ride my bike around my neighborhood. When I was riding my bike past my neighbor’s mailbox, and I glanced at the mailbox, I felt as if I was zooming by at an incredible rate of speed. However then I would go down the hill at a similar speed and look at my own house and basketball hoop in the driveway, which were a much farther distance away from me, and they seemed to slowly pass by. This was always so interesting to me, I still felt like I was going fast, my hair was still blowing in the wind, yet everything in the distance seemed to go by in a slowed down fashion. Now that I understand what and how the motion parallax is and works I am able to realize I was using a variety of depth cues to perceive the world as I moved past it on my bicycle.
Author Archives: Trevor John Kalinkos
Trevor Kalinkos-Dark and Light Adaptation
Dark and light adaptation involves the process of pupil dilation as well as the replacement and regeneration of photopigments. This adaptation can be put into lay terms as being defined as “The process of adjusting the eyes to low levels of illumination,” this goes both ways like an alteration for high levels of illumination as well, aimed at adapting to dark and light environments (Biology-online). There are still differences in the specifics of the dark adaptation versus the light one. It takes our eyes longer to adjust and adapt to a dark environment than it does a light one, which is why walking out in the nighttime it is typically difficult to see anything for quite some time. This is due to the fact that our cones in our eyes have faster photopigment regeneration than do our rods, which are responsible for helping to see in darkness. The actual processes that are involved in this adaptation are pupil dilation along with this photopigment regeneration. I recently experienced this light and dark adaptation when I attended a concert over break. Outside of the venue there were many street lights that illuminated the external environment so that my eyes had some degree of light adaptation. After getting inside I found it challenging to see at first as it was very dimly lit on the dance floor, especially as the musicians were setting up for the show. This forced my eyes to go through a dark adaptation slowly as I was making my way through the crowd with my friends. This is a slower process than light adaptation as mentioned which forced my pupils to dilate to a large size to allow any and all of the light available into my eyes to be able to see basic figures of people so I could avoid running into fellow concertgoers. This is the first and most instantaneous reactionary mechanism our body has developed to be able to handle very large and sudden changes in the amount of illumination in our environments. What is technically occurring during this transition phase is that our eyes use up less photopigments from the lack of illumination, which frees up many more photopigments to be able to process the small amount of light that there is. This means we “sensitize to light,” or become more sensitive to small portions of light making us more capable to perceive stimuli even under low light (Sparknotes). Suddenly the artists came on stage as did the giant orchestrated lightshow that illuminated the stage, the crowd, and the entire venue making it very bright. This once again forced my eyes to adapt to the change in lighting, this time using the light adaptation which luckily acts much quicker than dark adaptation. When this occurred my pupils shrank greatly and rapidly to allow less light into the retina of the eye as there was a sudden increase in the total illumination as well as the light entering the eye. This pupil constriction limits the amount of light able to enter my eyes, as there were far too many lasers and lights to be able to comprehend for my perception. As a result of this occurring much quicker than the dark adaptation happens I was able to naturally and swiftly adjust to this sensory overload of lights. Although at first I will admit I was blinded slightly by the sudden and rapid illumination of my visionary field.
Work cited
Dark Adaptation. (2005, October 3). Retrieved March 14, 2014, from
Biology-Online website: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/
Dark_adaptation
Sensation and Perception. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2014, from Sparknotes
website: http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/sensation/
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