Tag Archives: Recognition by Components

Drawing Geons

One of the concepts that we’ve learned about that relates to a lot of my experiences is the concept of geons. Geons are part of a theory about how we recognize objects. The Recognition by Components theory, developed by Biederman in 1987, incorporates the structural description theory and says that there are 36 three dimensional shapes that all objects are made up of. These shapes are called geometrical icons or geons (or primitives). These geons and the idea that all objects are made up of them is very similar to the basic process of learning how to draw. I started drawing when I was really young. Like most kids I started doodling as soon as I was big enough to hold a crayon. But the hobby stuck with me and developed over the years. I was self-taught for almost my entire life and only took an actual art class when I entered high school. It was difficult at first to kind of unlearn the ways I was used to drawing and relearn some of the basics of sketching. Some aspects didn’t help improve my art at all so I didn’t use them as much. But the one important skill I learned that I’ve taken with me throughout the rest of my life was doing your initial sketching by using what are, essentially, geons. Visually, everything, including human figures, is composed of basic 2 and 3 dimensional shapes like squares, cirlces, triangles, and cylinders. Once you can visualize how this works, it makes drawing much easier. Take a human figure: the head is a circle, the shoulders and all the joints are circles, the arms and legs are rectangles or cylinders, the torso is an upside down triangle, the pelvic bone is an upright triangle, the feet and hands are ovals with thin rectangles protruding from them. Although a theory about how we recognize objects is obviously different than a skill used for drawing, the similarities made it easier for me to understand Recognition by Components theory because in a way, I’d been practicing a rudimentary version of it for years.

2 Geons, 1 Mug (The Theory of Recognition by Components) – Shqiponja Likaj

As human beings, our daily interactions and the way we perceive specific stimuli in a seemingly effortless manner is something we tend to not mull over significantly. But when we do take a moment out of our hectic lives to consider all things we blindly accept for what they embody, we may begin to wonder, “Why do I conclude this edge to be an explicit object?” Or perhaps you may even think, “Does this piece of a larger entity stand for the same thing to another individual?” According to vision scientist Irving Biederman, the reason we recognize objects despite viewing only a part of it is because of our ability to practice bottom-up processing when utilizing the recognition by components theory. Any given item we perceive on a daily basis is comprised of main parts, coined as geons (or geometric ions) by Biederman, which can be separated yet continue to maintain a definite image in our minds.

objectrecognition

Demonstration found at: faculty.mercer.edu/spears_a/studentpages

In fact, Irving Biederman’s theory of recognition-by-components suggests that less than 36 geons are required to create roughly 30,000 objects we recognize in day-to-day life. A perfect example of this theory is evident in the provided image above. For instance, when I have experienced looking at the appearance of a mug, I am able to break it down into two components: “cylinder” and “handle”. In simpler terms – when a handle is visible in my cupboard, I assume this geon to be but a component of one of my mugs because it matched against stored structural descriptions in my brain. I am able to do this with little effort, despite the fact that this item may vary in comparison to others I have been previously exposed to because of Biederman’s theory of recognition by components.

Although this high-level processing, which happens in our minds as we simultaneously carry on about our days, seems extremely involved (because it is), the majority of us fail to note all these intricacies unless it is brought to our attention! Hopefully the next time you reach for a mug in the morning or run to answer a phone, you’ll take a moment to think of Mr. Biederman, geons, and your brain’s capability to work so flawlessly!