The CIA World Factbook reports that the estimated population growth rate for Italy in 2008 is negative: – 0.019% (2008 est.)
Many industrialized nations are facing this sort of situation, which results in a variety of economic and political strains on societies worried about their identity and their prosperity. Prosperity, as advanced societies are currently structured, seems to require a continuing immigration, but that in turn creates the perception among the working classes that immigrants are driving down wages, taking jobs from native workers, and threatening the culture. In all these countries, anxieties about heritage and identity produce nativist, anti-immigrant rhetoric and bring forth opportunistic political leaders to take advantage of the fear of change.