Laws/Policies impacting disability:

 

 

  • Equalization Opportunity Law (Act no. XXVI of 1998):

The aim of this act is to “define the rights of persons living with disability and the instruments for the exercise of these rights, further to regulate the complex rehabilitation to be provided for persons living with disability, and as a result of all these, to ensure equality of opportunity, independent living and active participation in the life of society for persons living with disability.” (Equalization Opportunity Law)

  • Hungarian Act No LXXVI Article 41:

Article 41 states “(1) Any non commercial use of a work shall be free if the purpose of the use is to meet demands of disabled persons that are directly related to the disability and it does not exceed the extent justified by the purpose, shall be free.”

“(2) In court, public administration and other authority proceedings a work may be used for purposes of evidence, in a manner and to the extent consistent with the purpose.” (Act No. LXXVI of 1999)


Credit
http://www.lawyershungary.com/uploads/default/files/law-firm-in-hungary.jpg
Sources:
Act No. LXXVI of 1999 on copyright. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/10611/20160909065606/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/39703/12519733393hu_copyright1999_Conso2007_en.pdf/hu_copyright1999_Conso2007_en.pdf
Hungary – Equalization Opportunity Law. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://dredf.org/legal-advocacy/international-disability-rights/international-laws/hungary-equalization-opportunity-law/
UNCRPD:
  • Hungary is one of the 162 countries to sign the treaty of Human Rights at the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in New York on the 13th of December 2006. (UN Treaties)
  • The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is the culmination of years of work by the United Nations to change attitudes and approaches to persons with disabilities. Its goal is to  change the view point of individuals with disabilities as objects of charity to one where they are seen as persons with rights, “who are capable of claiming those rights and making decisions for their lives based on their free and informed consent as well as being active members of society.” (CRPD)
  • In 2012 it was found that Hungary had violated their obligations under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities when they restricted the right of disabled individuals to vote in local and national elections. Individuals were deemed to have intellectual disabilities and were removed from voting registries. Those individuals filed a complaint with the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities claiming that Hungary had violated their right to vote. The Committee ultimately found Hungary had been in violation and remedy was provided. The Committee also recommended that Hungary should take steps to prevent similar violations in the future which included the accessibility of appropriate voting procedures, facilities and materials and also if necessary allowing the assistance of someone in voting. These measures would guarantee the right to vote to individuals with disabilities on an equal basis such like others. (Jones 2009)
Sources:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) Enable. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html
Jones, S. H. (2013, October 09). Hungary violates right to vote of persons with disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.ishr.ch/news/hungary-violates-right-vote-persons-disabilities
UN, United Nations, UN Treaties, Treaties. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en

Education:

Credit
http://mek.oszk.hu/09700/09751/09751.pdf

 

  • In the Hungary, there are still separate schools for most individuals with disabilities. One reason many children with disabilities are separated from their families is because of the location of the schools. Often children must stay in boarding schools where they only interact with teachers and other students.
  • 13.2% of people with disabilities have studied in some special elementary school according to 2001 census data.
  • Children with physical disabilities often have higher education levels than elementary education while children with intellectual disabilities are almost always unable to reach higher education.
  • The education level of individuals with disabilities is lower than that of the entire population. According to census reports: 32% of people with disabilities do not finish elementary school, and only 39% of them have elementary education. 25% of them have vocational qualifications while only 5% of people with disabilities graduated from universities or colleges.

Credit
http://slideplayer.com/18/6190766/big_thumb.jpg
Source:
Könczei, G., Ph.D. (n.d.). Disability:Good Practices (Hungary). Retrieved from http://mek.oszk.hu/09700/09751/09751.pdf
Employment :
  • Only about 9% of individuals with disabilities in the Hungarian workforce are actively employed.
  • 90% of people with disabilities who are employed often work in segregated environments and mostly in large groups.
  • There are two common forms employment in Hungary.
    • A work rehabilitation type of employment: which is involves the institutional legal relationship involving 5000 people.
    • A program under the Labour Code: which focuses on development and preparation and it involves 4000 people.
  • The vocational rehabilitation and supported employment systems that Hungary utilizes are specific to local needs and produce solutions to employment that are both innovative and feasible. It is important to note that although vocational rehabilitation may be expensive, the investment is worth it in the long run. For every dollar spent on assistive employment there is a $4.77 return to society in the following 5 years.

Harvesting corn near Dunaújváros, central Hungary.
Milt and Joan Mann/CameraMann International
Source:
Könczei, G., Ph.D. (n.d.). Disability:Good Practices (Hungary). Retrieved from http://mek.oszk.hu/09700/09751/09751.pdf