All-Sky Satellite Data Assimilation

Tropical cyclones spend the majority of their lifetime over the data sparse ocean where conventional observations (e.g. radiosondes and surface stations) are not available. While we do have periodic targeted airborne observations–at least in the North Atlantic and East Pacific Basins–these observations are only available when appropriately equipped aircraft are present within the storm. To fill this observational data gap, I have been examining the potential for direct assimilation of all-sky satellite radiances. Assimilating GOES-16 all-sky IR radiances for Hurricane Harvey (2016) using a cycling EnKF data assimilation and the CRTM as the forward observation operator, our research group demonstrated improved analysis of the structure of Hurricane Harvey, as shown below. Assimilation of GOES-16 IR radiances improves the location and intensity of convection as well as the water vapor gradients observed in the clear-sky regions. In the associated BAMS article (Zhang et al. 2019), we also demonstrate improved intensity forecasts as a result of assimilation of GOES-16 IR radiances.