Nanostructured Functional Materials is the broadest in Prof. Allain’s group but with the emphasis of using DIS and directed plasma nano synthesis (DPNS)-designed nanostructured materials with applications in: solar energy, nuclear detection, nanoelectronics, sensor technology and nanophotonics. For example work in solar energy research includes sustainable nanostructured semiconductors such as FeS and organic semiconductors (e.g. P3HT-C61 with integrated ZnO). In nanoelectronics, efforts include alkali doping of graphene and graphane for bandgap engineering with ultra-low energy alkali ions.