Whether underground such as the Delaware Sand Filter or above-ground such as with bioretention, the media used in stormwater treatment systems impacts performance. Multiple research projects have investigated the impact of the interaction of media and pollutant characteristics on treatment effectiveness.
This work started with my dissertation decades ago. 1999 Clark and Pitt Media filter EPA report
Since then, guidance has been published on media selection based on this and additional research.
Water Research article on designing media to treat desired pollutants.
- 2010 Pitt et al Industrial stormwater contaminant removal by media filtration Watersheds
- 2010 Pitt et al Media selection EWRI
- 2012 Clark and Pitt Optimization of media for stormwater treatment WEF
Specific aspects of media performance also have been investigated.
Clogging by Small Particulate Matter
Additional References:
- 2010 Pitt and Clark Media SSFL A1 clogging and flow rated Flow Column Tests
- 2010 Pitt and Clark Media SSFL A6 Particulate Size Removal Full Column Tests
- 2013 Sileshi et al Media column flow rate tests CHI
Metals Removal
- 2010 Pitt and Clark Media SSFL A5 metal prob plots Full Column Tests
- 2010 Pitt and Clark Media SSFL A8 metal removals Full Column Tests
- 2010 Pitt et al Industrial stormwater contaminant removal by media filtration Watersheds
- 2011 Clark and Pitt Media and metals treatability EWRI
Other Pollutants (Bacteria, Radionuclides, Nutrients, Organics)
- 2007 Pitt et al ET and biofilters Arcata Engineering International conf
- 2010 Pitt et al Bioretention toxicants control WEFTEC
- 2010 Sileshi et al Enhanced biofilter treatment of urban stormwater Madison watershed conf
- 2011 Pitt and Clark Organic retention by bioretention EWRI
- 2011 Talebi and Pitt Dry wells EWRI
- 2012 Pitt and Talebi Dry wells Millburn NJ final EPA report
- 2010 Pitt and Clark Media SSFL A7 constituent removals Full Column Tests
- 2010 Pitt and Clark Media SSFL A9 Hg and rads removal Full Column Tests
Pollutant Retention under Anaerobic Conditions
Additional References:
- 2001 Clark and Pitt Anaerobic media behavior ASCE
- 2010 Pitt and Clark Media SSFL D aerobic and anaerobic tests