Author Archives: bhf5034

First Born Children are Smarter

        I came across a video on YouTube about this subject and decided that I would look into it because I am the first born in my family. This subject really interests me because I feel that I am the smartest out of my two little brothers at the same ages. I am also the only one who has not gotten in trouble in school that resulted in suspension.

        A new study reveals that first born children tend to have higher IQs and tend to do better in school. Also, the first born is usually considered to be more accomplished by the parents. The reason for this is that the parents are stricter on the first born rather than the younger siblings. The study shows that 33.8% of mothers say that their first born is “one of the best students in the class”, while only 1.8% claim that they are one of the worst. The mothers were also asked about the younger siblings and the percentage went down for best and went up for worse. 31.8% claimed their second born was at the top, 29% for the third born, and 27.2% for the fourth born. However, when asked about whether they were at the bottom the mothers increased the percentage to 2% for second child, then to 2.1% for the third, and 3.6% for the fourth. This study supports the idea that performance in school declines with each sibling. However, the reason for this finding could be how the parents treated each sibling. If a child brought home bad grades the parents said that they would most likely punish the first born more than the younger siblings. This could cause the younger siblings to not get as much parental pressure to do well than their older siblings, which can lead to them not doing as well in school. The authors of the study, V. Joseph Hotz and Juan Pantano said “that parents are more involved in the academic performance of first-borns; they’re also more likely to enforce strict rules and punishments.”
        As I read this article I thought about my brothers and I. Most of the things that were talked about are completely true for my family. I do not know about the whole IQ part about this study because I am pretty sure my brothers and I have not gotten our IQs checked. However, I have always gotten better grades than my younger brothers, and I have noticed that I have not had to work as hard as my brothers to get those grades. The part about the parents being more strict on the first born is completely true for my family. As I went through through school my parents would very strict on my grades and I would get in trouble or grounded if I brought home anything lower than a B. However, I noticed that with each brother my parents did less punishment, and this really bothered me because I would still get in trouble for getting a C and my youngest brother would not get in trouble for getting a D-. However, it turned out for the best for me because I made it into a great college, and the way my brothers are going they will not be able to get into one as good as me. I know that I receive more parental pressure, especially from my dad, to succeed, which I know now is a good thing, even though I hated it when I was younger. However, this is not always true with all familys.
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Deadliest Substance Known To Man Discovered

        A new type of botulinum toxin, which is commonly known as botox, has been discovered by scientists recently called type H. These scientists say that this new substance is the deadliest substance known to man at least for now. A reason for them to claim this is that they have yet to find an antitoxin for it. This toxin comes from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which stops the chemical in your body that makes your nerves work and it causes botulism and death by paralysis.

        How deadly is this substance you might wonder, since its supposedly the deadliest known to man? Well scientists say that an injection of 2 billionths of a gram or inhaling 13 billionths of a gram can kill a grown adult. To put that into perspective, arsenic is deadly at one-tenth of a gram, so type H is 100 million times more deadly than arsenic, which is astonishing. A spoonful of this substance in a city’s water supply could reek havoc, which is a very scary thought. You might wonder why we would create something that deadly, but the thing is that type H is completely natural but is extremely rare, thankfully. However, type H still holds a tremendous threat to society, which is why these scientists are not releasing the genetic sequence, in order to prevent terrorists from synthesizing it and using it as a weapon. 
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Possible Malaria Vaccine Found

        “British drug maker GlaxoSmithKline is seeking regulatory approval for the world’s first malaria vaccine after trial data showed that it had cut the number of cases in African children.” After the trial results experts are very optimistic for a possibility of the first malaria vaccine.   

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        Malaria is a parasitic disease that is transmitted by mosquito bites. The disease kills hundreds of thousands of people each year world-wide. Tropical and subtropical places around the equator, which include Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas, are effected most by this disease. Mild malaria signs and symptoms don’t usually show up until 8-25 days after infection. The symptoms are very similar to the flu, but one of the most common symptoms is called paroxysm, which is a cycle of coldness and shivering to a fever and sweating. Severe malaria is much worse and symptoms don’t show up until 9-30 days. This type of malaria causes neurological symptoms, which include involuntary movements of limbs and eyes, seizures, or coma. After being infected for a while complications often occur for both severe and mild cases, which lead to about 25% adult deaths and 40% children deaths.
        The trial showed that the vaccine called RTS,S has lowered the amount of malaria cases in infants by 25% and halved the number of cases in young children that participated. RTS,S is being developed by GlaxoSmithKline with help from the non-profit Path Malaria Vaccine Initiative, and is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The trial was the biggest clinical trial in Africa ever, which included about 15,500 children from seven countries. the vaccine has been underdevelopment for over 3 decades. The company has filed an application to the EMA under a process that aims to facilitate drugs to poor countries.  “Malaria is not just one of the world’s biggest killers of children, it also burdens health systems, hinders children’s development and puts a brake on economic growth. An effective malaria vaccine would have an enormous impact on the developing world.” said UK politician Lynne Featherstone, International Development Minister.
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Deaths from Air Pollution

        Various types of air pollution causes millions of premature deaths world-wide each year. 2.1 million people are killed by only one form of atmospheric pollution called fine particulate matter or PM2.5, which is shown by a new atmospheric pollution model created by scientist Jason West. Fine particulate matter comes from car exhaust, smokestacks, and other industrial, domestic, and natural sources. They are the most dangerous form of pollution because it is the smallest and can more easily go into peoples lungs.

        The main particles that are polluting the atmosphere are called aerosols, which are a mixture of particulate matter and air. There are 3 forms that aerosols can take and they are suspended particulate matter and respirable particulate matter, which are for when the particles are 10 micrometer or more in diameter, and fine particulate matter, which was mention before. Human pollution mixed with natural, transient, or meteorological conditions could cause “extreme outbreaks of air pollution”. There are 2 examples this year of that happening. The first happened in January when industrial pollution swallowed northeast china, and second was in June where agricultural fires in Sumatra caused smoke to envelope Singapore.
        The toxic pollution usually lasts a few days to a couple of weeks, which causes an rise in cardiac and respiratory health problems for hospitals. However, even after the pollution levels go down the health risks do not decrease they stay about the same, which is why people are still affected after. Health researchers say that fine particulate matter can cause things from asthma and lung disease, even to heart attacks.
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This map provided by NASA shows the deaths from air pollution around the world. The darker brown an area is the more deaths there are from air pollution. The worst areas are in Asia and Europe mostly because of the high population and urbanization of those areas. The areas in blue indicate where the air pollution deaths have decreased since the 1850’s. This was shocking to me to fine out that the United States was not very bad and have gotten even better than before.
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Flesh-Eating Drug in the U.S

        There is a new illegal street drug that has recently arrived in the United States. This drug is called crocodile or “krokodil” and it chemically similar to heroin and morphine. The drug got is name from the way it affects addicts. Two things usually happen, which are they get dark, scaly lesions on there skin and the drug starts to eat the addicts alive, like a crocodile.

        In the United States there have been two cases where people have been addicted in Arizona. These are the only cases that the Banner Good Samaritan Poison and Drug Information Center know as of now. However, this is still very worrying because the drug is known to be highly addictive and to spread like wildfire.
        The drug was first found in Russia a few years ago. It became popular because it was a lot cheaper than heroin, and it could be made in a kitchen. The drug was made by combining codeine with oil, gasoline, paint thinner, or alcohol. 
        Krokodil is injected with a needle but what is freighting is that necrosis, the death and decaying of skin, can happen very quickly after injecting it. The effect of krokodil is about ten times greater than morphine, but also three times as toxic. Addicts that do not quit the drug commonly have gangrene and amputations, and often die after two or three years. Those who do manage to quit are still severely disfigured for life with severe scarring, amputated limbs, bone damage, speech impediments, varying degrees of brain damage, and poor motor skills.
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The picture shown is a very minor reaction to the drug. I did not put in worse reactions because some cannot handle the images. If you do want to check out worse reactions click here.
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Record Breaking Sound

        On Sunday September 15 during the Seattle Seahawk versus San Francisco 49ers game the record was broken for loudest human generated sound. The previous record for loudest human generated sound was 131.76 decibels, which was set by a soccer match at the Ali Sami Yen Sport Complex in Istanbul, Turkey in 2011. The Seattle Seahawk fans have always been known for being loud fans, and they proved it that night.

        The 12th man of the Seattle Seahawks broke the record when their defensive end Michael Bennett sacked the 49er’s quarterback Colin Kaepernick, and the crowd hit an explosive 131.9 decibels. That is impressive for the crowd to get that loud, but what is incredible is that the crowd beat their own record later in the game. Then in the fourth quarter the Seahawks running back Marshawn Lynch walked into the end-zone for his second touchdown of the night. This caused the crown to erupt to an astonishing 136.6 decibels, which beat their previous record of the night by 4.7 decibels. There were about 68,000 people in the stadium that night, which makes it more impressive because that is not even that many people for a football game. To put it into perspective that crowd of 68,000 was almost as loud as a gunshot, which can cause immediate hearing damage. The Seattle Seahawks ended up winning that game 29 to 3, which makes them still undefeated at 2-0 as their record.20130915seahawks620.jpg 
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My initial blog

Hey everyone my name is Brad Fredrick and I am currently a freshmen. I am from Great Falls, Virginia, which is about 15 mins from Washington D.C. I am taking this class because i need it as a part of my science credits, but also i enjoy science because I’ve sort of always been decent at it. I’m planning on majoring in Finance and that is the reason i am not planning on being a science major.

I came to Penn State because i have had friends who go here and say its really fun, and its great for academics also. I have been here a little more than a week and i already love it here and cant wait to be here for 4 years. Another pretty big reason is football because I am a huge football fan and i love having a big football team school, and i can’t wait for the first home game this weekend. I’m also happy that we won our first game against Syracuse last Saturday. http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/2013/08/31/syracuse-orange-penn-state-nittany-lions/2751307/

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