The past few years, inequalities in the film industry have been brought to the public eye. In 2015, for example, the Oscars were criticized for a lack of diversity, as very few people of color were nominated to receive awards. More recently, women in film have been opening up about abuse in the industry and criticizing the system that allows these types of men to succeed.
In this white male-dominated industry, it can be hard for people of color or women to compete. The superhero industry is no exception. In fact, most of the major superheroes– Batman, Superman, Spiderman, Iron Man,– have “man” in the name.
So, taking the criticism of the industry in stride, superher0 franchises have reacted accordingly. Since the discussion about representation in Hollywood has started, both Marvel and DC have released films which begin to address the problem. DC’s Wonder Woman is a much overdue superhero film in which a woman plays the main role and exhibits equally as much depth and character as any of her male counterparts. In addition, the movie itself was directed by a woman.
Marvel’s Black Panther was directed by an African-American person and features a majority black cast. Additionally, the soundtrack features a variety of black artists. Both of these films did extremely well at the box office, with a domestic gross of $412,563,408 million and $700,059,556 respectively.
The reason these films did so well is how they appealed to Kairos– they took advantage of the perfect moment. The discussion about equality in the movie industry allowed these films to capitalize on the situation and draw in large crowds. The superhero industry appealed to the rising public demand and the culmination of the equality conversation. This was an effective tactic in raising popularity for the movie. To some extent, this is abusing the conversation on diversity for the purpose of monetary gain. This makes the motivation behind the kairotic appeal seem rather sketchy– was the purpose truly to promote equality or to take advantage of the discussion as a form of free promotion for the movie? If the objective was to raise money, does this make the appeal to kairos– the taking advantage of the exigence of the situation– immoral? If the money is going towards these women and people of color, members of groups so often trampled by the movie industry, is it instead creating a positive change in the distribution of jobs, perhaps shifting the industry from its traditional white male focus? Whatever the implications, the times during which these movies were released had a large part to play in the attention they received and the money they earned in the box office, meaning that the appeal to kairos was overall successful.
Although kairotic in nature, they do not create the same sense of urgency as a traditional argument founded on the appeal would. Instead of creating this sense, they capitalize on the pre-existing notion that something must be done, on the urgency to address these issues of feminism and racial equality which were already recognized in society. In terms of additional appeals, as movies they rely heavily on emotional appeals, attempting to evoke a strong emotional response in the audience. In these cases, more specifically in Black Panther than in Wonder Woman, an additional goal was to draw attention to the issue of equality within the movies itself. (The former makes certain commentaries on the issue AND shows a diverse cast of characters while the latter seeks to counter the lack of women in film by portraying a strong female character but without addressing feminist issues specifically in the content of the movie.)
As you said, it’s good to see that someone else was thinking along the same lines. I like that you discussed the ethos of the kairos here, digging deeper than I did. The comparison to Black Panther also helped broaden the scope of your argument and contextualize it. I would argue that Wonder Woman did manage to address some feminist issues, even though the historical setting made such commentary a bit heavy-handed.