Monthly Archives: November 2013

Nants ingonyama bagithi Baba!*

A long, long time ago, I read a science fiction novel by the late novelist Michael Crichton (best known for his novel Jurassic Park), called Congo. The novel talks about a group of scientists who head out into the Congo jungle in search of diamonds but soon encounter interesting difficulties… The introduction to the novel starts off like this: “Only prejudice, and a trick of the Mercator projection, prevents us from recognizing the enormity of the African continent. Covering nearly twelve million square miles, Africa is almost as large as North America and Europe combined. It is nearly twice the size of South America.” These size comparisons might seem rather astounding to some people. Here is the image of Africa that we are used to seeing on maps:

Mercator

 

This is the Mercator projection, and as Crichton briefly notes, it is indeed heavily distorted and a great lie in terms of area. On this map, Greenland looks massive in comparison to Africa. In reality, Greenland only covers 836,300 square miles, while Africa covers a whopping 11.67 million square miles. That’s nearly fourteen times the size of Greenland. The reason for this absurd distortion is because the Earth, being a oblate spheroid, cannot be “flattened” properly onto a flat map without some level of distortion. You can test this out yourself by cutting up a ping-pong ball and trying to flatten it out onto a piece of paper; it just doesn’t work without some distortion of the plastic exterior. Because of this oblate spheroid nature of the Earth, the Mercator projection, which always shows true direction, shows correct size the closer one gets to the equator but greatly distorts size the closer one gets to the poles.

Maps are something that we first world residents have become so used to seeing on a regular basis in our everyday lives that they lack any real significance, value, or interest anymore for most of us. As such, some of us might live our entire lives, see the Mercator projection countless times, and die without ever realizing how much it distorts the size of Greenland. In the end, a lot of things in life are just like the Mercator projection. They are so very interesting, but we have become so used to their presence that we let the epic-ness of the universe and our lives slip away before us right under our noses. Perhaps we can reverse this trend and be more discerning in our lives and maybe even take a little bit of time out of our busy college lives to just look deeper into what has already become so mundane and hackneyed.

*The first Zulu lyrics to the song “Circle of Life” from the 1994 Disney animated film The Lion King

Multimedia Project Origins

For my multimedia project, I am joining forces with Austin, Nick, and Michael Trowbridge. This past Friday, we ruminated together over what controversial topic our project should focus on. Austin had initially proposed the Electoral College and all its flaws. I had also broached the topics of perceived conflict between science and religion and discrimination in the college application process and in the job market. Another team member (I can not remember whom) also brought up the idea of standardized test scores and whether or not they should continue serving as a metric of education quality. We eventually merged and/or narrowed down our list of ideas to just three: perceived conflict between religion and science, standardized test scores and how they tie in to reverse discrimination and affirmative action for college acceptance or vice versa, and the Electoral College and whether or not individuals’ votes (particularly those within firmly red or blue states) truly matter anymore. In the end, after much discussion and a little bit of input from Kyle himself, we settled upon the third topic regarding the Electoral College and voter significance.

Our project will start off asking random college students if they voted in 2012 and if not, why not. Hopefully, at least some will respond that they felt that their votes didn’t really matter. We plan to interview professors specializing in political science and other such fields related to our topic and insert their videotaped input into our project. We also plan to gather students’ opinions and the topic and do a bit of research into the Electoral College and current voting policies (such as voter photo ID legislation and/or laws) and summarize these in the final project. A brief history of the Electoral College will also be provided.

In order to ease the progression of our project, we have decided to divide up the tasks involved. Some of us will help perform the interviews, which we hope to have completed by the end of the first week of classes after Thanksgiving break. Others will help with narration, script writing, and research into our topic. Finally, one tech savvy and experienced person will perform the editing necessary to complete our final project. These tasks are not set in stone, and in reality, we will also likely be doing at least a little bit of each task.

At the very beginning, we might start off by showing a bunch of students exiting a building after class has finished. This will be fast forwarded thanks to the magic of iMovie editing. Whenever a students stops for our interview, we will then slow down the video back to normal speed so that we can coherently hear what they have to say. While this is merely a rough idea, it is certainly a plausible one that might make its way into our final project.

TED Talk Outline

If you’ve seen Jurassic Park, this is probably your idea of Velociraptor:

raptors in the kitchen

 

But if I told you that is our modern interpretation?

dead velociraptor

 

Well preserved fossils of Velociraptor arm bones show where the feathers attached to the arms, and other raptor species have been preserved with fossilized feather impressions. As such, we can conclude that Velociraptor too was heavily feathered. Some may find this new vision of Velociraptor to be unpleasant. Our minds have become too used to common tropes of dinosaurs that anything contrary to these conventions we turn away from. Some may argue that all too often science ruins the fun. I beg to differ:

velociraptor chicken

 

Even with these new limitations, we can still have fun with science and art. Don’t believe me? Look @ Brachiosaurus in Jurassic Park:

brachiosaurus jp

 

It’s doing what you expect it to do: eat tall trees. However, why not picture it rolling in mud?

giraffatitan mudbath

 

There’s no real evidence to support this, but modern animals play, so why not dinosaurs? The new science shows how much we used to not know about extinct animals, but it also suggests how much we still don’t know. So why not picture Brachiosaurus rolling in mud. Also, some might argue that the art is not @ all realistic, but after Jurassic Park, no artist can ever compete with the hyper-realism present in that film. As such, they don’t need to try and can be more free to play with style and more unconventional ideas such as this one. Now let’s take this concept even further. Here’s the T. rex most people are familiar with from Jurassic Park:

t rex jp

 

Now here’s a different view on the giant flesh eater:

tyrannosaurus sex neck biting

 

Here we see two heavily feathered T. rex mating while the male bites the female’s neck. There is not enough evidence to confirm either a fully scaly or heavily feathered T. rex. We have evidence of at least small patches of scales on T. rex and its close relatives, but relatively smaller relatives of T. rex show fossilized feather impressions. Given the range of options here, artist Mark Witton chooses to go for the more unconventional view because why not? Also, T. rex skulls often show bite marks on them, and modern vertebrates have been shown to engage in neck biting during mating, so why not dinosaurs? Science is as much about how much we know as how much we don’t know, so why not have a little fun and break convention? This isn’t just limited to dinosaurs and art though. Back in the day, the ancient Greeks believed that everything was made of one or a combination of 4 elements: earth, fire, water, and air. They believed that these elements were controlled by the gods, like Zeus:

zeus (liam neeson)

 

Today, we know what the elements really are and we put them in a table, and we know their properties well enough to know that they are not controlled by supernatural forces. This might mean that all the fantasy of mythology has been killed off, but fear not! We can still have fun with the elements. We can make the world’s smallest periodic table:

smallest periodic table

 

It’s located on a human hair. This guy’s, in fact:

martyn poliakoff

 

But why stop there? People used to believe that all sorts of mythological creatures were possible, such as dragons:

skyrim dragon

 

We now know that dragons never existed and practically biologically impossible. Killing the fun of mythology again? Fear not! We can create our own epic creatures to make up for this, such as glow in the dark rabbits!

glow in the dark rabbit

 

But if we take genetic engineering even further, then don’t we just end up @… Jurassic Park? Our journey has come full circle, and the one thing we’ve learned is that while science may appear a restraint and a buzz kill @ 1st, it still leaves open plenty of room for fun.

What Changes from Paradigm Shift to TED Talk

Going from a simple essay with pictures to a full-on presentation with no visible script and a wide range of audio-visual support available, some things are bound to change as I shift over from my paradigm shift essay to my TED talk. One thing that I’d like to add is just a short clip from Jurassic Park simply because it is responsible for some of the major changes in paleoart. In particular, it set a new standard for hyperrealism in representation of non-avian dinosaurs that paleoartists of the present don’t even try to compete with the film and as such focus more on style and other factors beyond realism. While I elaborate on this point quite a lot in my essay, it can be difficult for one to fully grasp without actually seeing the dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. As such, I feel that a short clip from the film would be rather helpful for my TED talk. Also, I may put up other supporting pictures beside just the fossils and artwork already included in the essay. There are multiple times throughout my essay where I’m not referencing any art for evidence, and if I’m discussing such a topic, then I feel that I should have some relevant picture available for the audience to see just so that they can have a better grasp on the material being presented to them. Due to how technical my essay is though, I might struggle a bit to reach out to the laity. As such, I will attempt my best at presenting the information in as clear and concise a way as possible so that it’s more understandable to the audience. This may require cutting some material or words out from my TED talk or using more simplified explanations.

Baboons, Bees, and Pubic Hair

Either you and/or your parents pay an awful lot of money in order for you to go to Penn State. No matter how much you wish that money went to partying, hanging out, and/or never getting enough sleep, the sad fact is that that money mainly goes to providing you with an education. Whether or not you choose to attend class, talk to your professors, or attempt to perform well academically, surely by now you have noticed that there is a lot of textbook knowledge that you can gain in college. Whether or not you choose to gain that knowledge is entirely up to you, but the point remains that humanity has amassed an enormous amount of factual information over the millennia.

Despite the overwhelming scope of the knowledge we have though, there are incredibly simple things in life that we still have no explanation. Baboons, for example, have giant canines with grooves running down their sides. This feature is also seen in the Gila monster’s teeth, and Gila monsters use these grooves to deliver venom with their bite. Baboon, however, are obviously not venomous, and yet we still we have idea why their canines on them similar to those of the venomous Gila monster. A shocking unknown much closer to home resides in the honeybee. Unfortunately for Penn Staters at this time, honeybees are a rare sight. However, most if not all of us have seen them before, and but have we ever wondered how they can fly with such tiny wings? The answer to this question is… we don’t know… Despite all our amassed knowledge, in 2013, all of our mathematical models show that bees should not be able to fly with such tiny wings, and yet they clearly do so. Potentially even more shocking to some people is how little we know about our own bodies. To this day, we still have no idea why humans have pubic hair.

baboon fangs

Baboons have big fangs…

gila monster

Gila monster

In college, we are bombarded with such a mass of information that we are tested upon that we sometimes feel as though humans probably know everything. However, that clearly is not the case, and sometimes even the simplest and most close-to-home things lack an explanation at the present time. Perhaps the next time you see a honeybee, take some time out of your busy day to marvel at how it flies despite the fact that all our mathematical knowledge fails to explain how. It’s amazing how much you realize we don’t know whenever you take the time to think more profoundly about what seems so everyday in life.