Ancient Sources:

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 7.71

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 4.96

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 5.71

Xenophen, Hellenica, 7.1.31

Secondary Sources:

Ferrill, Arther. “Classical Greek Warfare.” The Origins of War: From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1985. 91-147. Print.

Kagan, Donald, Gregory Viggiano, Hans Van Wees, Paul Cartledge, Anthony Snodgrass, Kurt Raaflaub, Peter Krentz, Adam Schwartz, John Hale, Lin Foxhall, and Victor Hanson. Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece. Woodstock, Oxfordshire: Princeton UP, 2013. Print.

Krentz, P. (1985). The nature of hoplite battle. Classical Antiquity, 4(1), 50-61. Retrieved from http://www.xlegio.ru/pdfs/krentz3.pdf

Matthew , C. (2009). When push comes to shove: What was the othismos of hoplite combat?. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 58(4), 395-415. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/stable/25598486?seq=1&uid=3739256&sid=21103972580823

Sage, Michael M. Warfare in Ancient Greece: A Sourcebook. London: Routledge, 1996. 72-94. Print.

Image credits:

[1]   http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TiOj1l8b93c/Tr8EAuuBFUI/AAAAAAAABYc/TG5mnnzh3bM/s1600/Hoplite+battle-Chigi+Vase.jpg

[2]  http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_O-l1-qFVCoE/R8JS0wZvlII/AAAAAAAAAKk/T22YJLdRGqU/s400/gregoriano.jpg

[3] http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hoplite_fight_from_Athens_Museum.jpg/800px-Hoplite_fight_from_Athens_Museum.jpg

[4] http://unconstrainedsophistory.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/20120222-165009.jpg

[5] http://img.wonderhowto.com/img/70/10/63497066867517/0/make-and-throw-iron-javelin.w654.jpg

[6] http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Two_hoplites.jpg

[7] http://www.ancient.eu.com/uploads/images/420.jpg

[8] http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/h2/h2_1992.180.3a.jpg

[9] http://proyectogreciapenalvento.wordpress.com/el-ejercito-griego/#jp-carousel-177

[10] http://proyectogreciapenalvento.wordpress.com/el-ejercito-griego/#jp-carousel-187

[11] https://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/tools/pottery/painters/keypieces/corinthian/chigi.htm

[12] http://thelosttreasurechest.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/late-greek-hoplites.jpg?w=471