The articles below are peer-reviewed, published papers highlighting the research that has been conducted in the Women’s Health and Exercise Lab. The authors of these papers include the principle investigators of these studies and the students that have done their graduate work in the lab.
2021
De Souza MJ, Mallinson RJ, Strock NCA, Koltun KJ, Olmstead M, Ricker EA, Scheid JL, Allaway HC, Mallinson DJ, Kuruppumullage Don P, Williams NI. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of increased energy intake on menstrual recovery in exercising women with menstrual disturbances: The “REFUEL” Study. Human Reproduction, 2021.
Nattiv A, De Souza MJ, Koltun KJ, Misra M, Kussman A, Williams NI, Barrack MT, Kraus E, Joy E, Fredericson M. The Male Athlete Triad: A Consensus Statement from the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition Part 1: Definition and Scientific Basis. Clin J Sports Med, 2021.
Fredericson M, Kussman A, Misra, M, Barrack MT, De Souza MJ, Kraus E, Koltun KJ, Williams NI, Joy E, Nattiv A. The Male Athlete Triad: A Consensus Statement from the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition Part 2: Clinical Considerations. Clin J Sports Med, 2021.
Strock NCA, Koltun KJ, Weaver C, De Souza MJ. Dried Plum Consumption Improves Bone Mineral Density in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report. Bone Reports, 2021.
Strock NCA, Koltun KJ, Ricker EA. Commentary in response to “A Review of Nonpharmacological Strategies in the Treatment of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport”. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2021.
2020
Allaway H, Misra M, Stone MS, Weaver CM, Petkus DL, Southmayd EA, De Souza MJ.
Are the Effects of Oral and Vaginal Contraceptives on Bone Formation in Young Women Mediated via the Growth Hormone-IGF-I Axis? Front Endocrinol, 2020.
Koltun KJ, De Souza MJ, Scheid JL, Williams NI. Energy availability is associated with luteinizing hormone pulse frequency and induction of luteal phase defects. J Clin Endo Metab, 2020
Strock NCA, De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Eating behaviors related to psychological stress are associated with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Sports Sci, 2020.
Koltun KJ, Williams, NI, J. Scheid, MJ De Souza. Discriminating hypothalamic oligo/amenorrhea from hyperandrogenic oligo/amenorrhea in exercising women. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise. 2020.
Strock NCA, Koltun KJ, Mallinson R, Williams NI, De Souza MJ. Characterizing the resting metabolic ratio in exercising ovulatory women over 12-months. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2020.
De Souza MJ, Williams NI, Koltun KJ, Strock NCA. Female Athlete Triad Coalition Risk Assessment Tool is an Evidenced-Based Tool that is Reliable and Well-Described. J Sport Sci, 2020.
Strock NCA, Koltun KJ, Williams NI, Southmayd EA, De Souza MJ. Indices of resting metabolic rate signify energy deficiency in exercising women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2020.
2019
De Souza MJ, Koltun KJ, Williams NI. The Role of Energy Availability in Reproductive Function in the Female Athlete Triad and Extension of its Effects to Men: An Initial Working Model of a Similar Syndrome in Male Athletes. Sports Med, 2019.
Koltun KJ, Strock NCA, Southmayd EA, Oneglia AP, Williams NI, De Souza MJ. Comparison of Female Athlete Triad Coalition and RED-S Risk Assessment Tools. J Sport Sci, 2019.
Williams NI, Koltun KJ, Strock NCA, De Souza MJ. The Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): A Focus on Scientific Rigor. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 2019.
Southmayd EA, Williams NI, Mallinson RJ, De Souza MJ. Energy Deficiency Suppresses Bone Turnover in Exercising Women with Menstrual Disturbances. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2019.
Mallinson, RJ, EA Southmayd, MJ De Souza. Geometric and “True” Densitometric Characteristics of Bones in Athletes with Stress Fracture and Menstrual Disturbances: A Systematic Review. Sports Med, 2019.
De Souza MJ, Koltun KJ, Strock NCA, Williams NI. Rethinking the Concept of an Energy Availability Threshold and Its Role in the Female Athlete Triad. Curr Opin Physiol, 2019.
De Souza, MJ, KJ Koltun, Williams, NI. What is the evidence for a Triad-Like Syndrome in Men? Current Opinions in Physiology. 2019
Williams, NI, Mallinson, RJ, De Souza, MJ. Rationale and study design of an intervention of increased energy intake in women with exercise-associated menstrual disturbances to improve menstrual function and bone health: The REFUEL Study. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2019
O’Donnell, E, SA West, JL Scheid, MJ De Souza. Impaired Vascular Function in Exercising Anovulatory Premenopausal Women is Associated with Low Bone Mineral Density. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 2019
Petkus DL, Murray-Kolb LE, Scott SP, Southmayd EA, De Souza MJ. Iron status at opposite ends of the menstrual function spectrum. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2019
2018
Aurigemma NC, Koltun KJ, VanEvery H, Rogers CJ , De Souza MJ. Linking the Gut Microbiota to Bone Health in Anorexia Nervosa. Curr Osteo Rep, 2018.
Lieberman JL, De Souza MJ, Wagstaff DA, Williams NI. Menstrual Disruption with Exercise is not linked to an Energy Availability Threshold. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2018
De Souza M.J., Koltun K.J., Southmayd, E.A.,Aurigemma N. (2018) The Female Athlete Triad. The Exercising Female: Science and its Application. Oxford, UK: Taylor & Francis Group.
2017
Allaway, HA, E John, T. Keegan, De Souza, MJ. A pilot study on the utility of reduced urine collection frequency protocols for the assessment of reproductive hormones in adolescent girls. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017
Southmayd, EA, Helmers, A, De Souza, MJ. Food versus Pharmacology: Treatment Considerations for the Female Athlete Triad. Current Osteoporosis Reports. 2017
De Souza MJ, Koltun KJ, Etter CV, Southmayd EA. The Female Athlete Triad. Current thinking and update. Current Osteoporosis Reports. 2017
Petkus DL, Murray-Kolb LE, De Souza MJ. The Unexplored Crossroads of the Female Athlete Triad and Iron Deficiency: A Narrative Review. Sports Medicine 2017
Southmayd EA, Mallinson RJ, Williams NI, Mallinson DJ, De Souza MJ. Unique effects of energy versus estrogen deficiency on multiple components of bone strength in exercising women. Osteoporosis International. 2017
Koehler, K, MJ De Souza, NI Williams. Less-than-expected weight loss in normal-weight women undergoing caloric restriction and exercise is accompanied by preservation of fat-free mass and metabolic adaptations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2017
Southmayd, EA, MJ De Souza. A summary of the influence of exogenous estrogen administration across the lifespan on the GH/IGF-1 axis and implications for bone health. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2017
2016
Koehler K, Williams NI, Mallinson RJ, Southmayd EA, Allaway HC, De Souza MJ. Low resting metabolic rate in exercise-associated amenorrhea is not due to a reduced proportion of highly active metabolic tissue compartments. American Journal of Physiology, Integrative Metabolism. 2016
Scott, SP, MJ De Souza, K Koehler, DL Petkus, LE Murray-Kolb. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better executive function in young women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2016
Mallinson, RJ, Williams, NI, Gibbs, JC, Koehler, K, Allaway, HC, Southmayd, EA, De Souza, MJ. Current and past menstrual status is an important determinant of femoral neck geometry in exercising women. Bone. 2016.
Metzger CE, Baek K, Swift SN, De Souza MJ, Bloomfield SA. Exercise during energy restriction mitigates bone loss but not alterations in estrogen status or metabolic hormones. Osteoporosis International. 2016
Allaway, HCM, EA. Southmayd and MJ De Souza. The physiology of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea associated with energy deficiency in exercising women and in women with anorexia nervosa. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation. 2016
Koehler, K, Hoerner NR, Gibbs JC, Zinner C, Braun H, MJ De Souza, Schaenzer W. Low Energy Availability in Exercising Men is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Insulin but Not with Changes in Other Metabolic Hormones. J Sport Sci, 2016
2015
Hergenroeder AC, De Souza MJ, Anding RH. The Female Athlete Triad: Energy Deficiency, Physiologic Consequences, and Treatment. Adolescent Medicine State of the Art Reviews. 2015
Allaway HC, Williams NI, Mallinson RJ, Koehler K, and De Souza MJ. Reductions in urinary collection frequency for assessment of reproductive hormones provide physiologically representative exposure and mean concentrations when compared with daily collection. American Journal of Human Biology. 2015
Reed JL, De Souza MJ, Mallinson, RJ, Scheid, JL, Williams, NI. Energy Availability Discriminates Clinical Menstrual Status in Exercising Women. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.
Williams NI, Leidy H, Hill B, Lieberman J, Legro R, De Souza, MJ. Magnitude of daily energy deficit predicts frequency but not severity of menstrual disturbances associated with exercise and caloric restriction. American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2015
2014
De Souza MJ, Williams NI, Nattiv A, Joy E, Misra M, Loucks AB, Matheson G, Olmsted MP, Barrack M, Mallinson RJ, Gibbs JC, Goolsby M, Nichols JF, Drinkwater B, Sanborn CB, Agostini R, Otis CL, Johnson MD, Hoch AZ, Alleyne JM, Wadsworth LT, Koehler K, VanHeest J, Harvey P, Weiss Kelly AK, Fredericson M, Brooks GA, O’Donnell E, Callahan LR, Putukian M, Costello L, Hecht S, Rauh MJ, McComb J. Misunderstanding the Female Athlete Triad: Refuting the IOC Consensus Statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014
Joy E, De Souza MJ, Nattiv A, Misra M, Williams NI, Mallinson RJ, Gibbs JC, Olmsted M, Goolsby M, Matheson G, Barrack M, Burke L, Drinkwater B, Lebrun C, Loucks AB, Mountjoy M, Nichols J, Borgen JS. 2014 female athlete triad coalition consensus statement on treatment and return to play of the female athlete triad. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2014
Mallinson, RJ, De Souza, MJ. Current perspectives on the etiology and manifestation of the “silent” component of the Female Athlete Triad. International Journal of Women’s Health. 2014
Reed JL, De Souza MJ, Kindler JM, Williams NI. Nutritional Practices Associated with Low Energy Availability in Division I Female Soccer Players. Journal of Sports Sciences. J Sports Sci. 2014
De Souza, MJ, A. Nattiv, E. Joy, M Misra, NI Williams, RJ Mallinson, JC Gibbs, M Olmsted, M Goolsby, G Matheson, Expert Panel. 2014 Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement on Treatment and Return to Play of the Female Athlete Triad:1st International Conference held in San Francisco, California, May 2012and 2nd International Conference held in Indianapolis, Indiana, May 2013. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014
De Souza, MJ, A. Nattiv, E. Joy, M Misra, NI Williams, RJ Mallinson, JC Gibbs, M Olmsted, M Goolsby, G Matheson, Expert Panel. 2014 Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement on Treatment and Return to Play of the Female Athlete Triad:1st International Conference held in San Francisco, California, May 2012and 2nd International Conference held in Indianapolis, Indiana, May 2013. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014
Barrack MT, De Souza MJ, Gibbs JC, Williams NI, Nichols JF, Rauh MJ, Nattiv A. Higher incidence of bone stress injuries with increasing female athlete triad-related risk factors: a prospective multisite study of exercising girls and women. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014
Gibbs JC, Nattiv A., Barrack MT, Williams NI, Rauh MJ, Nichols JF, De Souza MJ. Low bone density risk is higher in exercising women with multiple Female Athlete Triad risk factors. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 2014
2013
Hill BR, Rolls BJ, Roe LS, De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Ghrelin and peptide YY increase with weight loss during a 12-month intervention to reduce dietary energy density in obese women. Peptides, 2013.
Gibbs JC, Williams NI, Mallinson RJ, Reed JL, Rickard AD, De Souza MJ. Effect of high dietary restraint on energy availability and menstrual status. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013
Hill BR, De Souza MJ, Wagstaff DA, Williams NI. The impact of weight loss on the 24-h profile of circulating peptide YY and its association with 24-h ghrelin in normal weight premenopausal women. Peptides, 2013.
Scheid JL, Birch LL, Williams NI, Rolls BJ, De Souza MJ. Postprandial peptide YY is lower in young college-aged women with high dietary cognitive restraint. Physiol Behav. 2013
Gibbs JC, Williams NI, De Souza MJ .Prevalence of individual and combined components of the female athlete triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013
Scheid JL, De Souza MJ, Hill BR, Leidy HJ, Williams NI. Decreased luteinizing hormone pulse frequency is associated with elevated 24-hour ghrelin after calorie restriction and exercise in premenopausal women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013
Mallinson RJ, Williams NI, Olmsted MP, Scheid JL, Riddle ES, De Souza MJ. A case report of recovery of menstrual function following a nutritional intervention in two exercising women with amenorrhea of varying duration. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013
Reed JL, De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Changes in energy availability across the season in Division I female soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2013
2012
Hill BR, De Souza MJ, Wagstaff DA, Sato R, Williams NI. 24-hour profiles of circulating ghrelin and peptide YY are inversely associated in normal weight premenopausal women. Peptides. 2012
Toombs RJ, Ducher G, Shepherd JA, De Souza MJ. The impact of recent technological advances on the trueness and precision of DXA to assess body composition. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012
2011
Scheid JL, De Souza MJ, Leidy HJ, Williams NI. Ghrelin but not peptide YY is related to change in body weight and energy availability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011
Hill BR, De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Characterization of the diurnal rhythm of peptide YY and its association with energy balance parameters in normal-weight premenopausal women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011
Scheid JL, Toombs RJ, Ducher G, Gibbs JC, Williams NI, De Souza MJ. Estrogen and peptide YY are associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal exercising women. Bone. 2011
Reed JL, Bowell JL, Hill BR, Williams BA, De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Exercising women with menstrual disturbances consume low energy dense foods and beverages. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011
Gibbs JC, Williams NI, Scheid JL, Toombs RJ, De Souza MJ. The association of a high drive for thinness with energy deficiency and severe menstrual disturbances: confirmation in a large population of exercising women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011
Corr M, De Souza MJ, Toombs RJ, Williams NI. Circulating leptin concentrations do not distinguish menstrual status in exercising women. Hum Reprod. 2011
2010
Reed JL, De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Effects of exercise combined with caloric restriction on inflammatory cytokines. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010
Williams NI, Reed JL, Leidy HJ, Legro RS, De Souza MJ. Estrogen and progesterone exposure is reduced in response to energy deficiency in women aged 25-40 years. Hum Reprod. 2010
Scheid JL, De Souza MJ. Menstrual irregularities and energy deficiency in physically active women: the role of ghrelin, PYY and adipocytokines. Med Sport Sci. 2010
De Souza MJ, Toombs RJ, Scheid JL, O’Donnell E, West SL, Williams NI. High prevalence of subtle and severe menstrual disturbances in exercising women: confirmation using daily hormone measures. Hum Reprod. 2010