We utilize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to image activated brain regions and resting-state brain networks. Our lab has established an awake animal imaging paradigm that allows animal’s brain function to be imaged without the influences of anesthesia (http://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-notes/2012/06/investigators-map-functional-networks-in-rat-brain). We combine this imaging paradigm with optogenetics, electrophysiological and behavioral methods to characterize various aspects of different animal models of brain disorders. We also analyze functional imaging data in human patients so that we can study brain disorders using translational models.