Poland:
According to StarTrack survey on 2001, electronic media exposure takes up 92% of Polish people’s media exposure; television, radio and the Internet dominate the media market. Although there are different kinds of media outlets, television has the highest news coverage of the four, which makes it the key media outlet in Poland.
There are four television channels that cover 75%-80% of the market, in which
Television
two of them are public and two of them are private. The two commercial TV channels are TVN and Polsat whose content are based on adaptations of western entertainment formats, such as reality shows, game shows talk shows, series and film. The two public media outlets are TVP1 and TVP2 who generates income partly from the subscription and partly from advertisers. The content they offer is based on politics, social issues, culture, sport and also entertainment and Polish feature films and series. There is a dualism in the television market in terms of public and private channels, but it is the public channels that are providing all of the serious news. As a result, government has control over the political and social issues as a whole.
Ukraine:
There are four main media outlets in Ukraine, which are press, radio, television, and the Internet. However, television has the largest population of audience among the four.
The media companies in Ukraine is different compared it to other countries, media is not the main business for those companies, but refining, chemical, heavy machinery construction are. Therefore these companies would like to keep a good relationship with the government in order to make more profit, and use media as a tool to keep the relationships. Generally, there are seven major media groups in Ukraine, which are State Media, Valeriy Khoroshkovsky Group. Mediagroup U.A. Inter Media Group Limited, Viktor Pinchuk Group, Rinat Akhmetov Group, Ihor Kolomoysky Group, Vitaliy Hayduk Group and Serhiy Taruta’s «Evolution media», and KP Media. And each company owns several TV channels. Four of these companies shows loyalty toward the government and State Media, which is owned by the government, has the highest television market coverage of 97%, which shows that the censorship in Ukraine is pretty high.
Reference:
http://www.dziennikarstwo.uni.wroc.pl/_files/files_downloads/ifaStudy_Poland.pdf
http://www.rundfunk-institut.uni-koeln.de/institut/tagungen/2010-Cologne/Dutsyk_e.pdf