Category Archives: Nature/Nurture

Nature vs Nurture

The concept of nature versus nurture is something that has been argued in psychology for a very long time.  This idea of nature versus nurture questions whether people’s personalities have to do with the way they are raised and the environment that they have grown up in, or if everyone is born a certain way.  Many different psychologists have argued both sides and each side has different evidence that support them.  Several studies have been done to test the theories and the consensus that has been reached by both sides is that it’s neither nature of nurture that determine your personality, it’s a mixture of both.  One or the other could be dominant for certain people, but for the most part they both affect the way your personality develops.

I know in my life, both nature and nurture have played a part in the development of my personality.  My personality is definitely a good mix of both of my parents, but I share a lot of the same traits with my mother.   We are both very careful and put a lot of thought into things before we do something.  We both share the same ideas and opinions because we think very similarly.  On the other hand, my father and I share some traits as well.  We are both very much “game heads” and extremely competitive and driven.  We work hard in everything we do until we get what we want.  Me having similar personalities to my parents is definitely nature.  Both of their personalities were passed to me through genetics, which supports the concept of nature.

Supporting the nurture side of it, there are definitely different events in my life that have influenced my personality and who I am today.  Different things have created fears that wouldn’t have been fears if the events hadn’t happened.  I am scared of squirrels, but I am also scared of being left by someone I love.  These two things are extremely different, but are fears because of different events that occurred in my life.  I am afraid of squirrels because when I was taking a walk in the woods once and a squirrel fell out of a tree right in front of me.  It flipped over at least 5 times and landed on its feet and starred right at me.  It scared me so much I actually ran away screaming.  The reason I am afraid of being left by someone I love is because of my parents getting a divorce.  They got a divorce when I was a sophomore in high school, so I grew up having two parents that loved each other and that loved me.  All of sudden, one day, that all changed.  My dad left my mom, which completely flipped my world upside down.  This is obviously a much more significant event than the one with the squirrel, but they both had an affect on my personality and my fears.   This supports the nurture side of the argument and helps show that both nature and nurture have played a role in my life.

Childhood Traumas and the Development of Fears

As long as I can remember I’ve had an irrational fear of anything touching my neck. Cords, scarves, hair, other people… even I can’t touch it myself without cringing. The slightest pressure against my neck will send me shaking into uncontrollable fits of coughing and gasping for air until I can calm myself down. It is so bad, seeing other people contact their neck can make my squirm. I’ve always known it was all in my head – I know I’m not actually choking, but once the idea enters my mind it becomes hard to convince myself I am okay. But I never understood why I had this phobia. What happened in my childhood that brought this on? Or was it just something I was born with? It took a look into Sigmund Freud’s work to give me a better perspective on the situation.

Sigmund Freud believed in the unconscious mind to control people’s behavior. He studied psychoanalysis, a look into the early and developing mind. It is the belief that childhood experiences can impact personality and psychological problems that develop later in a child’s life, that it was nurture over nature that shaped who a person became as an adult. This study emphasized the effects of childhood traumas on one’s unconscious conflicts with themselves.

            His ideas, along with other scientists that focused on psychoanalysis, gave me an idea about a possible cause for my need to avoid contact with my neck. One night I asked my parents if they remembered anything happening to my neck when I was younger, that would have been severe enough to stick with me over the years. Turns out that when I was four years old, I was running around and playing with my sister, and ended up getting the house phone cord (throwback to those days!) wrapped around my neck. I tried to pull away from it, which only made it tighter, and I ended up screaming so loudly that my mom heard me from out front, ran inside, and had to pull my head out from the cord. Apparently I had pulled it so hard I had a burn mark that lasted over a week on the left side of my neck.

Ever since then I haven’t let anything get too close to my neck in fear of another life threatening crisis. This childhood trauma impacted me psychologically as I grew up, giving me an intense fear of anything wrapping around my neck.

Empiricism

The environment in which one grows up, or the way in which one is nurtured, can greatly affect what an individual likes in their future. Many times a child will learn to enjoy the same things that their family enjoys.

Empiricism has played a huge role in my life in many ways, but the biggest evidence of empiricism I can demonstrate is my love and passion for the sport of hockey. My father has always loved hockey, and even played for his high school team back in Pittsburgh. I have watched as many Pittsburgh Penguin hockey games with my father as possible for as long as I can remember.

Although I have been watching hockey with my dad for a long time, he was not the main source of my love and passion for hockey. When my mom was but a teenager, she lived with her sister and parents next to Duane Rupp, a former Pittsburgh Penguin defenseman (actually the first Penguin defenseman to record a hat trick in franchise history). My mother’s family befriended the Rupps and frequented Penguin games with Mrs. Rupp in Melon Arena. After college, my aunt decided to get Penguin tickets of her own; she has had season tickets for about twenty seasons now (and counting). She never had children or got married, so her niece or nephews usually accompanied her to games.

It is one thing to enjoy the sport of ice hockey on television, but to watch it in person is a whole different experience. I have attended hundreds of Penguin games in my life, fueling my addiction.

During my childhood, I liked all sports, but as I grew older and became more able to form opinions of my own, I began to veer towards hockey and away from other sports. Today I find it more and more difficult to enjoy other sports as much as I used to (besides hockey). I also played inline hockey from 8th to 12th grade, an I intend to play on Penn State’s club team next year.

It really is incredible how big of an influence an individual’s family can be on their lives. My love and passion for hockey may be an extreme case, but it is easy to see how empiricism works.

Nature or Nurture?

The concepts of nature(nativism) or nurture(empiricism) is an old debate that has spanned for centuries. The concept of nature is that our thoughts, ideas and characteristics are all inborn. Simply put, anything that comes to mind or makes you who you are has been preset from the beginning. While the concept of nurture is based on the fact that knowledge is gained through experiences. In other words, rather than your personality being determined by your genes like nativism describes, nurture is more based on that your personality was developed on your experiences and your upbringing. The debate is tough because there are so many cases that one concept is the reasonable cause for such behavior and vice versa.

Myself being the first generation person born in the U.S. from parents who were Vietnam War refugees. My early years I barely spoke any English, because my mother hardly knew English and primarily raised me, while my father worked. When I started school, I noticed vast differences between myself and the other students, other than my proficiency in the English language. All throughout my education before college, as my English improved, I still noticed these differences. One example was motivation to study and work hard. In high school, there were people who were, for lack of a better word, lazy. They just wanted to take easy classes, just get by through high school, and kept using the excuse that “it wouldn’t help them in life”. For awhile, I thought for reason why their personalities were like this. Eventually, I just concluded that it was possibly their culture or how they were raised at home. This case would be a prime example of nurture.

On the other hand, my sister and I are two very different people. I have a personality where I like to be independent and try things on my own, whereas my sister is more of the type to follow around and try to avoid doing things alone. The big question is that how can two polar opposites emerge when we were raised in the same house, same culture, and went to the same school district up until college? Now, I realize that there are some siblings out there who are nearly identical in terms of personality, however, it was never in my case. Why were our personalities different? Was it because of the gender differences or did something we experience in our lives cause us to be so different? I believe my sister and I are different because we just had different personalities from the start. This case would probably be an example of nature.

Nature vs. Nurture

The argument of nature vs. nurture can be dated as far back as 300 BC during Socrates and Plato’s time. These Greeks introduced the term nativism (nature) as the idea that our thoughts, ideas, and characteristics are inborn. In other words, we are believed to be born with these thoughts, ideas and characteristics, and that they are already in our genes. On the other hand, Aristotle introduced the idea to us of empiricism, or nurture. He described this as knowledge is gained through experience (senses). Our thoughts and ways are not because of our genetic make-up, but because of how we were raised and brought up by our parents and overall lifestyle.

I believe that my elder sister and I are a prime example of the argument of nature vs. nurture. For our entire lives, we have been brought up by the same parents, in the same household. We attended the same school district, went on the same vacations, had the same household rules- basically experienced all of the same big events and occurrences throughout our childhood lives. So what explains why we have turned out oh, so different?

Hands down, I am a “type B” person and my sister, without a question, is “type A”. Her personality and ways of being fit the structured, disciplined and “black or white, right or wrong” lifestyle. To describe me on the other hand, basically take all of that and turn it around! My personality is very easy-going, go-with-the-flow, and I do not enjoy intense schedules or structure. We are definitely at two opposite ends of the spectrum!

So if essentially everything was the same and equal when we were growing up, what explains the difference in our personalities? In our case, I would have to argue that it is definitely nature. Nature holds true in my situation because even though the majority of our lives were the same, in the same environment with the same upbringing etc, we turned out to be two totally different people with different personalities, thoughts and feelings. If nurture was the case, we would have grown up to have much more similar personalities, and would have the same thoughts and opinions etc. on various topics; there would be not much to distinguish between the two of us much beyond physical appearance.

Nature may not be the case in every sibling’s situation, but it is definitely the case when it comes to my sister and I. Even though our personalities have definitely clashed here or there along the way, I’d say we balance each other out pretty well, most of the time!

Nature vs. Nurture

Aristotle believed that human beings gain everything they know through personal experiences. He developed this idea of empiricism, which most people will refer to as the nurture side of the Nature vs. Nurture debate. Besides looking nearly identical to my mom, I also act a lot like her. We share the same interests, ranging from what type of movies we want to watch to our favorite types of food to our views about the world. I believe that I adapted these preferences because that’s what I grew up around the most. We almost have the same clothing style. We have the same sense of humor.  We are both very interested in health and nutrition. We both enjoy cooking. We have the same love for shopping. We have similar tastes in music too. There are so many learned behaviors that I now possess because of the time I have spent with my mom.

On the other side of the spectrum, Plato and Socrates gave us the idea that behaviors and thoughts are inborn. They described this as nativism, which was the nature side of the debate. I believe this also has a strong effect on people. I think the way I handle my emotions is incredibly similar to the way my mom handles situations. We very rarely get angry. If we do, we just end up crying because we get so stressed out. However, my sister and my dad are both incredibly short-tempered. They are definitely yellers when they get frustrated. The two of them have also had to deal with depression, while my mom and I have never had to go through that. I believe that the ways my sister and I handle our emotions were completely genetic.

Obviously, both nativism and empiricism come into play with developing a person’s behavior. It’s difficult to pinpoint which traits are learned and which traits are innate. People change their behaviors daily. We don’t change drastically, but we are all constantly trying to be the person we aspire to be. We observe the people around us, and we may begin to pick up their admirable traits as our own. We can never completely alter who we were born as though because, as we all know, some things just can’t change.