Eritrea’s history can be tracked all the way to the 25th century BC. The Ancient Egyptians knew Eritrea as land of “Punt”. Punt was a trading partner with the Egyptians and specialized in livestock, gold, and other commodities. Agaw people, who would then migrate from Eritrea to other parts of Africa, occupied the country for hundreds of years. The next kingdom to arise in Eritrea was “D’mt” in the 8th century BC and lasted until the 5th century BC. Smaller kingdoms had control of the land until the Kingdom of Aksum took control in the 1st century. The Kingdom of Aksum reigned for many years. Zoskales was one of the famous rulers to govern the kingdom. After their reign, the Persian Empire took over and turned Eritrea into an Islamic state. Eritrea then declined, becoming a remote Islamic community until the Ottoman Empire took control of the land in the 16th century.
Aksum was the greatest Kingdom to occupy Eritrea. However the D’mt kingdom was also very powerful. The D’mt kingdom developed complex irrigation schemes, created harvesting tools, and mass-produced weapons. It was an efficient and strong kingdom but lacked longevity; it only stood for about 3 centuries. The Kingdom of Aksum was the real powerhouse that occupied the country. They created the capital of Mazaber, which was a big market place for Ivory. They also constructed large stone monuments for religious purposes.
One great ruler in Eritea was Zoskales. Although he controlled his kingdom for a good deal of time, there isn’t a terrible amount of information on him. However, he was known to be a petty ruler, whose reign never exceeded Adulis, the main port of which he was in charge of. Under the reign of Ezana, the kingdom of Aksum adopted Christianity as their faith. The introduction of Christianity led to changes in the kingdom’s design including buildings and monuments. This occurred between year 320 and 360. As the Persian Empire took control, Eritrea became a state if Islam.
Eritrea innovated ancient trading techniques when the Land Of Punt was up and running as a thriving trading partner with the Ancient Egyptians. After that, the Kingdom of Aksum thrived into of the greatest civilizations of all time. They created new dialects and inscribed historical events and documented them. They also created great stone column structures for religious purposes.
I believe there are a decent amount of sources for the history of Eritrea. A big portion of Eritrean history lies in the Kingdom of Aksum and its reign. There are plenty of sources available for that. When it comes to sources for other parts of Eritrean history, there aren’t too many that go in depth in the times after the Aksum Kingdom. However, there was still enough to be informed about the country’s history. I believe another problem with this, is that Eritrea was always in the shadow of Ethiopia, which is drenched in ancient history. Although close in proximity, they are very different in terms of history and the amount documented.