Author Archives: Sapphire Terrell White

Senegal is Ebola Free!

There has been recently reported news that Senegal is now Ebola free!

NIGERIA-SAUDI-RELIGION-ISLAM As of late October Senegal has gone 42 days without any new cases of Ebola, which now declares them Ebola free. They have proven once again that Ebola is an disease that can be contained with patience and as a country they have figure it out. They tested their theory by having a man from Senegal travel by road from Guinea and Dakar after he came in contact with a Ebola patient. Shortly after, the Senegalese government watched 74 people that the man came in contact with while in Dakar. As they watched them over a course of days none of the people he was in contact with showed any signs of being infected with the Ebola virus.

With Senegal being one o f the richer countries in Africa it has helped them being able to beat and contain the outbreak. They spend only a total of $111 on health care per person on an average. Even though it may seem like so little compared to the United States, it allows them to still deal with problems such as Ebola.

The one case that was found in Senegal was taken very serious when found a while back. The one case of Ebola made 67 contacts that were identified that were interacted with the patient. Of those 67 contacts, 34 were people they lived with or around and 33 of those contacts were health care workers. During the time of the quarantine, Red Cross volunteers saw them all two times a day. At each check-in each patient got their temperature checked and any symptoms were recorded shortly after. At times some of the healthcare workers would resist the monitoring by the Red Cross volunteers because they didn’t trust them. They have to result in alternative solutions, like asking the local hospital to monitor the healthcare workers to create fewer problems. This made it a lot easier for everyone to get on board with being check on in a timely manner. At the end, all of the 67 people that were within contact of the case completed the 21-day check-in results. As for the patient that was originally infected, they were also ok and survived the virus.

A while before they first case was found, the Senegal Ministry of Health had prepared by training the health care staff on different elements for the virus. They trained them on infection control, lab testing, case investigation, and contact tracing. This really helped them when the first case was found because they were able to attack it and keep it under control with no problems. If they did not prepare for the outbreak like they did, that one case that was found could have turned into many more and the people that were in contact with them would have also been infected and the course of the case would have resulted very differently.

From following Senegal through the semester, my view has really changed and it has become one place that I defiantly plan to visit in the near future. It seems like such a beautiful country with some much going for its self. I believe that it can really expand and became very well developed in time and remain a place that still keeps tradition and culture. To see that they beat their one case of Ebola and was declared Ebola free also gives me hope for other African countries that are not doing as well. I think that if more African countries to reach out to each other’s government and stand together, Africa will have a very bright future.

Senegalease Talent and Inteligence

Senegal has had many influential people in it country that has taken it to where it is today. Although Senegal is not in the best shape, they are a country that is progressing to greater things for the future. They have had a lot of people who became influential including the politician Léopold Sédar Senghor and Grammy winner Youssou N’Dour.

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       Léopold Sédar Senghor was an extremely influential person in Senegal who is thought to be one of the most important African intellectuals of the 20th century. He was Senegalese poet, politician, and a cultural theorist who also became the first president of Senegal in 1960. Senghor was the president of Senegal for 2 decades and did his very best to give his country as much as he could. When he began his involvement in politics, Senegal was no yet an impendent country and they were still fighting for independence and he then founded the Senegalese Democratic Bloc political party. He was an activist and supported federalism for all of the newly independent African states. Many African countries did not like the idea of federalism so he chose to form and was the president of the Federal Assembly until it eventually failed in 1960 when Senegal gained independence.  While he was the president of Senegal he created the national anthem and took on many presidential duties. The current prime minster of that time, Mamadou Dia, was his right hand man in executing Senghors plan for Senegal’s long-term development, but they both did not agree on things. Dia was then arrested fot twelve years for suspicion of fomenting a coup d’etat.  Senghor survived many issues including an assassination attempt in 1967. He then resigned in 1980 with many accomplishment under his presidency including adopting a multi-party system, and a performing education system.

                Senghor died on December 20, 2001 in Verson where he spent the last years of his life with his wife. He left behind his legacy and contributes to Senegal including his contributing factor to Senegal’s political stability. It now remains one of the few African nations never to have a coup, and always had a humble transfer of power.

Youssou N’Dour

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  Youssou N’Dour has many talents that he has put forth thought his entire life. He is a singer, percussionist, songwriter, composer, actor, business man, and Politian. He began performing when he was only 12 years old with a group that separated sometime during the 70s. His mother, Wolof, and father, Sever, opened him up to two different cultures that inspired him to identify himself as a modern griot. He formed his own group in 1979 by the name of Étoile de Dakar. They became popular all over Africa with their own developed and unique style in the 80s. By 1991 N’Dour opened his own recording studio and then his own recording label by 1995. Over the next 10 years he really marketed himself and his brand and became one of the most amazing singers to come from Africa. In 2005, he won his First American Grammy Award for best contemporary world music album for is album Egypt. By 2011 he was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in music from Yale University, which was a huge accomplishment for him and his country. He has recently won a share of the Sweden’s Polar music prize of $150, 000 for simply promoting and understanding of what he believes in and his faiths for his music as well. He is presently still making albums and being influential thought the many things he accomplishes in life. He has so many more things to do and accomplish in the years to come.

Colonization: Africa vs. United States

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The colonization of Africa differs from the Unites States colonization in many distinct ways. For the United States, European nations first came to America with the intent of increasing their wealth and boarding their horizons. The Spanish were then the first to settle what is now we call the United States. In 1607, the first colony in the US was founded in Jamestown, Virginia. Many people that came to settle in the new land came to get away from religious problems in their former countries. In 1620 was when The Pilgrims, founders of Massachusetts, arrived and settled on the new land. In both of these new found places, the colonist made it through with some help form some Native Americans. They then survived off of corn that kept them from starving and tobacco then became a valuable cash crop. In the early 1700s is when slavery began and Africans made up a big percentage of the colonial population. Finally, by 1770, there were more than 2 million people in the population in the 13 North American colonies

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African colonization was extremely different and a lot harder than it was for the United States. Europeans had and increased fascination with Africa starting into the late 18th century. The 3 men that had importance of the begging of African colonization are James Bruce, Mungo Park, and David Livingstone. James Bruce who was a Scottish traveller was the one who was interested enough to seek the source of the Blue Nile and traced its origins. Mungo Park is the man who was responsible for discovering the interior of Africa and along the River of Niger along and crossed the whole contention from east to west. David Livingstone discovered the sources for the River Nile and was also anti-slavery crusader.

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In 1807 the African Slave trade was finally over thanks to Great Britain. It was extremely hard for them to make a transition form slave trade to trading things such as palm oil and groundnuts. This then allowed people the Europeans to increase their mark on Africa because of their trading companies. Later after all of the countries were somewhat colonized Africans became increasingly involved in the worlds economy with getting cash for crops and begging to mine for diamonds and gold. Africans began to get a sense of identity because of the colonialism thought the continent.

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World War II was the begging of the Africa political awareness. Shortly after the United Nations was then created with leaders from all around the world. Ghana became the first African nation to gamin independence and then the European settlers made it much harder for places like Kenya and other east Africa nations to gain independence. The Pan African Movement was then started in order to try to get Africans to stick together and think of themselves as unified. Africa had many ups and downs, but all of it made it what it is today and is still a work in progress

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I think that the history of Africa plays a huge role on my present day life and it will for the rest of my life. Being a black woman in society is often very hard, but it can never be used as an excuse. Yes, we may have to work twice as hard and be twice as good, but it ultimately makes you appreciate life and everything you have worked for. We have come along way, even being allowed to be at a school like Penn State is history that has been made and continues to be made with African Americans who come here and are able to succeed. I am proud of who I am and how far my people have come and it is just a stepping stone for what shall come in the future.

Evolution of Senegal

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Prehistory

Senegal’s history has many parts and has extremely evolved over time. Many things have been found in the past that correlates with Senegal’s history overtime. Found on the coasts of Senegal they have found burial mounds that hold clusters of middens (shells) that date back as far as 400 BCE. A lot of the mounds were found at the now World Heritage site called Saloum Delta and also near Saint Louis. There were also historic ruins that were found in the middle of the Senegal River valley in the late 1970s. Things like pottery and ornaments have been found to be fruitful and have revealed some flow of trade from far part of North Africa.

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Kingdoms

Senegal Had a region called Upper Guinea that was produced by the European traders. Data from archaeological excavations gave a conclusion that Senegal was first populated from the north and east regions with different waves of migration. The last tribes that migrated were the Wolof, the Fulani, and the Serer that migrated to Senegal. Before the Europeans came to Senegal the whole Saharan region had settlements of the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire and the Songhai Empire. The cores of all of these empires were on the Republic of Mali. There were also 2 major political parties that were formed called the Mali Empire and the Jolof Empire that continued to expand to eastern Senegal.

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Trading and Trafficking

In the beginning the Europeans found themselves very disappointed at one time because they were hoping to find more gold in West Africa then they did. When the United States had a big need for cheap labor the area received a lot more attention. The Black Code, which was started in 1685, were regulating the trafficking of the slaves that were in the American colonies. There in Senegal, there was different trading post that was established in different places. They were established in Goree, St. Louis, Rufisque, Portudal, Joal, and the upper valley of the Senegal River. In 1794 slavery was then abolished by the National Convention, but then was reinstated by Bonaparte in 1802.

In the modern-day Senegal the famous politician Blaise Diagne fought for the African rights in 1914. Then after World War II, Senegal became completely independent in 1964 and the independence movements became popular. Shortly after Leopold Sedar Senghor became the first president of Senegal. He then stepped down in 1980 and Abdou Diouf took his place, but he too was replaced in 2012 by Macky Sall and became the current president of Senegal. Senegal to this day remains the only country in West Africa that has never experienced a military coup. No army has ever seized the power from an elected government.

There is a lot of information on Senegal on the Internet and in the library. I was able to find a ton of information about Senegal with no problems. I found a lot of information a Wikipedia and also on our-africa.org. Both sites were very informative and easy to understand.

Senegal, Your Home Away From Home!

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Need a vacation? Need somewhere to getaway and still be able to enjoy the beach? Come and be taken away in Senegal’s amazing presence. It is known for its beautiful beaches and amazing climate that will take your relaxation to the max. As soon as you arrive expect to be submerged in the culture of Senegal, as it will take you away to tradition and beauty of the country. There is shopping, nightlife, restaurants, and plenty of activities to do to keep you busy while you are here.

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The climate here is outstanding and very tropical through out the year. It ranges between 68 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit with rainy months between June and October that help cool down the long hot months. You can expect it to be beautiful and non- stop sunshine between November to May, making the beaches the place to be when you want to relax and enjoy the sun. If you love warm weather you will love it in Senegal!

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The Culture of this country is extraordinary! The official language of Senegal is French because it was a former French colony, but now spoken are the languages of the local tribes, Wolof Manlike, Mandinka, and Fula. Senegal also has music with massive presence where it has become popular not only local, but nation wide. Natives like, Baaba Maal and Youssou N’Dour are very respected in Senegal and have performed around the world.

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The Art of Senegal is very breathtaking and amazing to see. They have a huge amount of literature, mostly in French, but could possibly begin to crossover to English. A know figure in the Senegal literature is Sembene Ousmane who wrote the book, God’s Bits of Wood, has become very know and is also a respected filmmaker who tuned one of his books into a film. Art can be found all around in Senegal, you just have to be brave enough to look for it.

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Getting around Senegal can be pretty easy with car hire that is available. They are may other options to choose from because of the road conditions at times and also the lack of driving etiquette. There are taxis and even buses that you can take to get around and a lot of fun to see a lot of things. Senegal is considered a very safe place to travel in so don’t be alarmed!

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Senegal is a beautiful place to visit and there is so much to see and so much to do! You can even travel by horse down the river if you wanted to, just to feel the ethnicity of the Senegal culture. You can partake in the festivals if you are Muslim such as, Tabaski or Ramadan. The religion in Senegal is mostly Muslim; with only 10% Christian, mostly Muslim holidays are celebrated thought the year.

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Now that you know a lot about Senegal, are you going to book your tickets now? We hope you do and get a chance to witness this beautiful place! Senegal has so much to offer.

Amnesty offered to al-Shabab members

 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29044368

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The issue being presented in this article is that the Somalia government has offered a pardon to the fighters in a Islamist group, al-Shabab, even though they are uncertain if their leader survived one of the US air strikes. The government is giving them 45 days to surrender in return of an amnesty. The group al-Shabab is refusing to tell weather or not their leader, Ahmed Abdi Godane, survived during the air strike. Many people are saying that the Somalia’s government offer is an attempt to calm down the fighters and try to keep peace.

The event of the US air strike took place on Monday, September 1st , when Ahmed Godane was traveling in a convoy in the lower southern region of Somalia. It was stated that a witness saw US troops land on the site of the airstrike shortly after the damage was done. The troops were then in a gun battle with the al-Shabab and proceed to take away some of the bodies after the battle was over. No one knows if they to Godane’s body, but the US are doing a DNA tests on the bodies and it could take them awhile to complete them.

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The African Union wants to take down the al-Shabab and take back control of Somalia so they are encouraging defections. The Islamic group has lost control of four of their towns in the past week leaving the African Union to keep pressing on towards their main base, Barawe. The African Union has managed to gain back some control in Somalia, but the al-Shabab still has control over a lot of territory in the rual areas enabling them to continue their bombings and assignations in Mogdaishu.

This article takes on a very optimistic tone, by keeping an open mind about the entire situation. The author of the article seems to be hopeful that the Islamic group will be stopped and that there will be justice for the people of Somalia. They use words such as “regain”, which sounds hopeful that they with get back what they are suppose to have from the al-Shabab. Words in this article are very positive and are more towards the side of the Somalia government because it is a positive thing happening in Africa. They want the African Union to take back Somalia in order to restore order in their country.

The source of my article was from BBC Africa and I believe that because they are so diverse the story is very reliable in the way it is presented. I do think the source impacts the tone and choice of words because they are a diverse company they present there stories in a way to relate people from all different walks of life

My personal thought on this article is that, I want Somalia to regain its control in its country. A strong country tends to be one that is unified and it is hard for them to do that when they have the Islamic group trying to change every move they make. I think it is important that they keep on fighting for what is there’s and continue to overrule the al-Shabab. In time they African Union will get control of its people and the Somalia government will officially be back on the right track. I loved reading this article and I never thought things like this were going on in places like Somalia. Its hard to believe that a group of people could just begin to overrule a government and create their own rules, but it is clear that in Africa it does happen. I really do hope for change in Somalia.