CO2 transport and dispersion processes are modeled using the WRF-Chem modeling system (Grell et al. 2005), with emission input based on Hestia (2012) and meteorological input based on the 32-km resolution North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). To constrain the model error, available observations such as surface and upper-air observations from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) are assimilated using the Four Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA) technique developed and implemented into WRF by Penn State (Deng et al. 2009). Ongoing work includes assimilating additional meteorological observations available to the INFLUX project such as the wind profile from the local HALO lidar deployed by NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division, and the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) commercial aircraft observations.
The current INFLUX WRF configuration consists three nested grids with 9-/3-/1-km horizontal resolutions, and 60 vertical model layers, with the first model layer at about 7 m AGL and with 24 model layers below 1.5 km AGL (Fig. 1). The model physics includes the MYNN PBL scheme, Noah land surface scheme, RRTM longwave and Dudhia shortwave radiation schemes, and WSM-5 microphysical scheme. The Kain-Fritsch cumulus parametrization scheme is used on the 9-km grid. For FDDA, both analysis nudging and observational nudging are used to assimilate observations (Deng et al. 2009).
The WRF model errors are estimated by computing the error statistics between the model values and the observed values of the meteorological variables including wind speed, wind direction, temperature and specific humidity. Model snapshots at hourly output intervals are compared with the observations near the same time within a time window of 0.5 hour (15 minutes on each side of the hour). To compute the error statistics, model values are interpolated to the observation locations, and then the model and obs pairs are used to compute the mean absolute error (MAE), mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the meteorological variables.
Figure 1: INFLUX WRF grid configuration with 9-/3-/1-km grids.
To access INFLUX WRF model output for 1 Sept 2012 – 28 Oct 2015 (more coming soon), please go to the PSU Data Commons, keyword INFLUX. Please contact co2data@meteo.psu.edu to inform us of your intended use and publication plans (if any), and so we have your contact in case of changes to the dataset. For more recent model output, please contact us. Thanks!
References:
- Deng, A., D.R. Stauffer, B.J. Gaudet, J. Dudhia, J. Hacker, C. Bruyere, W. Wu, F. Vandenberghe, Y. Liu and A. Bourgeois, 2009: Update on WRF-ARW end-to-end multi-scale FDDA system, 10th Annual WRF Users’ Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 23-26, 14 pp (Available on the web at: http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/workshops/WS2009/abstracts/1-09.pdf).
- Grell, G. A., S. E. Peckhama, R. Schmitzc, S. A. McKeenb, G. Frostb, W. C. Skamarockd, B. Edere, 2005: Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model, Atmos. Environ. 39, 6957-6975, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.027.
- Deng A, Lauvaux T, Davis KJ, Gaudet BJ, Miles N, Richardson SJ, et al.. Toward reduced transport errors in a high resolution urban CO2 inversion system. Elem Sci Anth. 2017;5:20. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.133
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