All posts by Andrew Barnett

Schematic Design Critique + Review: Andrew Chesakis

Fassio-Viaud architects Photographer: J-B Viaud
Fassio-Viaud architects
Photographer: J-B Viaud

One of the first things I noticed about the presentation was the incredibly strong conceptual gesture present in Andrew’s project. This is started by taking a form created by continuing the nearby streets into an intersection of the three. This intersection of three streets in then removed from a cubic form. This concept is displayed strongly both in the form of the building and associated drawings on the board. The extensions of the streets form pathways that divide the three buildings and a central courtyard. One commentary received about this, and something I noticed for the first time during the critique, is that the actual location where the intersection is not in the location of the building. The actual intersection that is providing the form of the building is a few streets over and is difficult to identify at first. While I think it is still possible to use this intersection to define the form, if you do, it’s absolutely important to indicate the exact location of the intersection and which roads lead into it.

The next part of the critique was addressing the duality that exists within the building. This is spurred on the by regular cubic exterior form paired with the angular and highly irregular interior form created by the above-mentioned cutouts/courtyard. This is doubled by having a regular grid of spaces around the outsides of the building, leaving interior spaces also very irregular. This has resulted in a dichotomy between spaces that are completely rigid and traditional in contrast with the angular and dynamic spaces formed from the central courtyard that currently seem somewhat like a leftover set of parts. I think to truly utilize the spaces as a result of the central courtyard, he has two options. The first option would be to keep the intensive difference of the spaces and make a reason for it: e.g. rectangular spaces are for things traditionally found in a house and angular spaces for programmatic elements only present in a firehouse (or vise versa). The second option would to have the rooms represent a middle ground and acknowledge and address both the rectilinear and angular and provide a mix of the two in their form.

Another element brought up by the guest critic was the materialistic duality between the spaces. Currently both faces are treated with the same finish. One person commented that the outside should be strong and imposing to keep in line with the rigid form of the perimeter. Conversely, the interior should be glazed to show contrast as well as allow views of the central courtyard to truly take advantage of it. This would also further push the concept of the two different ‘worlds’ between the exterior and interior.

One part of the discussion that came up related directly to the first note about the location of the intersection. This time it focused on the placement of the building on the site. The critics stated that the project seemed relatively site-less. This is shown in a few ways. First, as stated before, the intersection that in informing the massing of the building does not occur on the site but rather a few blocks over. Second, the building is not oriented to either side street or straight north and south, but some other orientation. Third, the exit from the apparatus bay is directly onto the busiest street around our site (and would necessarily block traffic). Fourth, the master planning hasn’t fully integrated the building into the park and future site of the proposed museum in the park. The problem of the intersection’s source can be solved graphically. The problem of orientation has two potential solutions; either orient it to one of the nearby elements, or create a reason why it must be oriented in another, currently arbitrary, direction. The apparatus bay problem can be solved by either recessing it back and adding a driveway out from the bays or relocating the building within the site to focus towards the other nearby street. Finally, I truly believe the master planning is just a result of the stage of the project we are in and will simply develop more fully over time.

The next focus of critique during the discussion was the central courtyard space. In addition to being in the core of the building, having three public access ways leading directly into it, and occupying a fair portion of the buildings massing, there is also a steeply sloped roof leading and pointing from the outside of the building pointing directly into the courtyard. All of these elements combining in one central space has enormous potential to alter the feel of the entire building. Unfortunately, the space is currently just an open paved plaza. This buildup of the qualifications of this space to become impactful is ultimately let down by this usage. There are many options that could improve this space; plantings/gardens, area for activities, a memorial, and my more. This may be something that was intended to be developed later, but with it being such a pivotal component of the project, necessitates immediate development.

From the point of view of the NCARB standards, this was a good presentation for the stage of design we are at. One of the most successful elements was structure, something that is difficult for irregular buildings but was dealt wit very well and clearly conveyed in the presentation. Design thinking and technical skills also showed through and resulted in a clearly understandable presentation. A couple components of the presentation that could use more development include; Site design, use of precedents, and environmental considerations. The first two of those may go hand in hand. By looking at similar projects, there may the solutions to come of the problems facing this building. In turn, there may also be separate precedents to help deal with the courtyard, building, and master plan that can all be integrated. The environmental aspect of this is something that may need more time to develop. This is something that should be integral to the design, if it is chosen to be incorporated at all, and may have impact on other parts of the building design and even site planning depending on the degree of sustainability efforts.

Overall, I believe this project to be in good shape for this level of critique. While there are some aspects that require further development, there doesn’t seem to be any major flaws or anything that would even require significant backtracking to rework. There are a few notable problems (master planning, accessibility, and legibility of ideas/drawings) that will need to be worked out in the future for design development, but overall this just is representative of the phase of the design process we are currently at.

 

SD Project Statement

Victory Boogie Woogie - Piet Mondrian (Unfinished)
Victory Boogie Woogie – Piet Mondrian (Unfinished)

The site of this project is shaped by the intersection of three irregularly sized city grids and a massive inlet from the east river. These have resulted in a site that lacks formal definition. It is surrounded by oddly shaped plots and buildings from a more industrial era in Greenpoint; many of which will are being regularly purchased, torn down, and replaced by modern apartment buildings and shops. This projects seeks to redefine this site in this pivotal location for the three intersecting grids by creating a regular and notably rigid grid system of planning on the site.The grid will best present in the nearby park landscape and master planning, as well as the building both from the inside and out. This will work independently of the existing grids and gesture towards an offshoot of the new, proposed plan for the city in this area (far more regular and urban).

Urban: -Ization & Decay

Publication: Harvard Design Magazine

Thesis: Recent urbanization and development in New York city has resulted in a wholly environmentally unsustainable city with questionable power sources, construction waste, and poor resource utilization all posing major threats to the health of the city.

Abstract:

Questionable power sources, construction waste, and poor resource utilization are just some of the more vexing issues facing the city. These are problems echoed across the country but exacerbated by the volume of people and the proximity within which they live. Things that seem natural to a town have washed away in waves of urbanization and skyrocketing prices for a square foot of rent. The urbanization of New York has been crippled by its piecemeal growth and small scale projects resulting in an incoherent patchwork of an environmentally unsustainable city. While an occasional project will address these issues, there is an ignorance of the need for green that shoots straight to the top. There have been reports of the ideal scenarios for decades from now, but little legislative legwork to keep things moving along the allotted path (Office of the Mayor, 2007). Environmentally conscious architecture and planning isn’t merely a supplementary certification to boast about but rather, urgently needed. As cities draw more and more people from an ever wider range, their scope of drawing for resources grow too. This ever expanding radius and, in turn, impact per person is putting a strain on the country as a whole and its beginning to show. California’s drought, crop shortages, and landfill zones running out of space are just a few of the symptoms of this national epidemic, and some of these problems are affecting the big apple as well (WBEZ, 2015).

Now more than ever there is a need to return to the basics, the lifestyle possible hundreds of years ago is still relevant today. I do not mean to imply by any means that horse and buggies are the new Prius, but rather that using what you have and conserving your resources are a way of life, not a choice. For architects this means designing buildings that are adaptive and designed for their location to use a reasonable amount of energy and attempting to gain some through renewable resources. For urban planning this may mean more green space and better regulation of zoning. The citys’ planning commissions have consistently approved larger and larger projects with disregard for environmental impacts, or based on a set of standards that only address a specific set of issues (Smith, 2002)(NPR, 2010). This has an impact on everyone, from the individual to the largest corporation, and means its time for everyone to take a stand too.

Residents of the city are beginning to take notice of the changes all around them, affecting everything from air quality to even how much sun they see (Hughes, 2015). Some people are becoming inspirited but often times don’t know how best to execute this newfound sense of duty towards the environment. A still smaller group is finding a way to become as small as possible, in an ecological impact sense (Owen, 2004). This article seeks to point out the problems currently extant in New York City and propose a solution on varying scales for the individual and the corporation.

Works Cited:

“Not It!’ This American Life. NPR. WBEZ, Chicago. 10 April. 2015. Radio.

Hughes, CJ. “The Stress of New Construction.” The New York Times. 25 September 2015. Online. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/27/realestate/the-stress-of-new-construction.html.

plaNYC: A Greener, Greater New York. New York, New York: Office of the Mayor of the City of New York. 2007. Online. http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc/downloads/pdf/publications/full_report_2007.pdf.

“Critics Say LEED Program Doesn’t Fullfill It’s Promises.” NPR. NPR, 8 September 2010. Online. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129727547

Smith, Neil. New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentrification as Global Urban Strategy. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 2002. Online. http://www.overgaardtonnesen.dk/TEKSTERNE/05-Smith-New-Globalism-New-Urbanism-Gentrification.pdf

Owen, David. “Green Manhattan”. The New Yorker. 18 October 2004. Online. http://www.davidowen.net/files/green-manhattan.pdf.

5 THESES: ANDREW BARNETT, CHRISTOPHER SCALZO, JUSTIN CHEN

THESIS 1:
The dawn of the second major era of urbanization and gentrification has led to unsustainable cities with population growth only surpassed by that of their associated problems related to; insufficient infrastructure, housing bubbles, and municipal neglect.
SOURCES:
Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution and How it Can Renew America – Thomas Friedman (Farrar, Strauss, and Giraux, New York, NY, 2008)
New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentrification as Global Urban Strategy – Neil Smith
The Chaos and Complexity of Gentrification – R.A. Beauregard
(In Gentrification of the City, 1986)
The Death and Life of Great American Cities – Jane Jacobs (Random House, New York, NY, 1961)
The Unsustainable City – Andrew Blowers & Kathy Pain
(In Unruly Cities, Edit. Chris Brook, Gerry Mooney, Steve Pile)
Unsustainable Cities, a Tragedy of Urban Infrastructure – Tomaz Ponce Dentinho
THESIS 2:
The advent of convention centers full of the latest ‘green technology’ at the fingertips of architects across the globe has numbed their sensibility towards the time-tested architectural solutions to problems that otherwise require a veritable rats-nest of systems coordination to solve.
SOURCES:
Architect Frank Gehry Talks LEED and the Future of Green Building – Abby Leonard
Critics Say LEED Program Doesn Fullfill It’s Promises – Franklyn Cater
Green Architecture – James Wines (Taschen, Cologne, Germany, 2000)
Green Architecture in India: Combining Modern Technology with Traditional Methods – Raj Jadhav
Traditional Architecture Offers a Strong Foundation for Green Building – Leon Kaye
Why Green Architecture Hardle Ever Deserves the Name – Micahel Mmhaffy & Nikos Salingaros
THESIS 3:

Despite criticism for a lack of zeitgeist and “cheapness”, temporary architecture is both a socially and economically sound solution.

SOURCES:

Biklen, Noah K, Ameet N. Hiremath, and Hannah H. Purdy. Temporary Architecture. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2003. Print.

Burkhardt Leitner Constructiv GmbH. Temporary Architecture: Burkhardt Leitner : Global Network. Stuttgart: Burkhardt Leitner Constructiv, 2011. Print.

Chabrowe, Barbara. On The Significance of Temporary Architecture. The Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd. Vol. 116, No. 856 (Jul., 1974), pp. 384-388+391. Print.

Jodidio, Philip. Temporary Architecture Now! =: Temporäre Architektur Heute! = L’architecture Éphémère D’aujourd’hui!Cologne: Taschen, 2011. Print.

Lombardo, Grazia. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 6.1 (Jan 2012): 53. Print.

Melis, Liesbeth. Parasite Paradise: A Manifesto for Temporary Architecture and Flexible Urbanism. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers/SKOR, 2003. Print.

 

THESIS 4:

Despite being the seat of government, Washington, D.C, by its planning and design, is the most European-like of all American cities.

SOURCES:

Braunfels, Wolfgang. Urban Design in Western Europe: Regime and Architecture, 900-1900. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1988. Print.

Gosling, David, and Maria-Cristina Gosling. The Evolution of American Urban Design: A Chronological Anthology. London: Wiley-Academy, 2003. Print.

“Original Plan of Washington, D.C. (Imagination): American Treasures of the Library of Congress.” Original Plan of Washington, D.C. (Imagination): American Treasures of the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress, n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2015.

Southworth, Michael, and Peter L. Owens. The Evolving Metropolis: Studies of Community, Neighborhood and Street Form at the Urban Edge. Berkeley, CA: U of California at Berkeley, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, 1992. Print.

“The 1901 Plan for Washington D.C.” The 1901 Plan for Washington D.C.University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2015.

United States Park Service. “The L’Enfant and McMillian Plans.” National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2015.

 

THESIS 5:

Cuban architecture largely remains stagnant under a stale, socialist order, unable to escape the aesthetics of its Colonial-baroque past, and modernize into the 21st century.

SOURCES:

Carley, Rachel. Cuba: 400 Years of Architectural Heritage. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1997. Print.

Carranza, Luis E., Fernando Luiz Lara, and Jorge Francisco Liernur. Modern Architecture in Latin America: Art, Technology, and Utopia. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.

Connors, Michael W., Néstor Martí, and Ricardo Porro. Havana Modern: 20th-century Architecture and Interiors. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.

Obregon, Jessica. Cuba: Architecture and the Social Order. Digital image.Surface.syr.edu. Syracuse University, Dec. 2014. Web. Sept. 2015.

“The Architectural League of New York | The Architecture of the Cuban Revolution.” The Architectural League of New York | The Architecture of the Cuban Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2015.

“Tour the Architecture of Cuba Through Early 1900s Photos.” Curbed National. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2015.